Human Resources: People as Assets

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Questions and Answers

What is the activity of managing people called?

  • Human Resource Management (correct)
  • Workforce Planning
  • Human Capital Management
  • Talent Acquisition

Why are people considered a resource?

  • They are productive and contribute to a country's GDP. (correct)
  • They consume natural resources.
  • They increase the demand for goods.
  • They require social services.

What percentage of India's population is between the ages of 25 and 35?

  • 35 percent
  • 50 percent
  • 25 percent
  • 65 percent (correct)

What kind of investment can enhance a population and turn it into a valuable resource?

<p>Investment in education, vocational training, and medical care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is responsible for population distribution?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way education helps people become better citizens?

<p>By making them aware of socioeconomic scenarios (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does education help citizens understand regarding their country?

<p>The importance of their rights and duties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does education assist in securing jobs?

<p>By providing access to new ideas and globalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of 'Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan'?

<p>Universalisation of education in a time bound manner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are human resources also known as?

<p>Manpower (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of skilled labor?

<p>Having specialized training or a learned skill-set (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of unskilled human resources?

<p>Typically involves manual labor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of India's population, according to a recent census, lives in urban areas?

<p>27.8% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major reason for rural to urban migration in India?

<p>Better employment opportunities in urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geographical feature typically attracts a higher population density?

<p>Plains with fertile soil and water resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sex ratio indicate about a country's population?

<p>The number of females per 1,000 males (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct implication of a skewed sex ratio favoring males in a region?

<p>Rampant gender discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the literacy rate in India at the end of British colonial rule?

<p>12% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state in India has the highest literacy rate?

<p>Kerala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for rural females migrating to urban areas, according to the National Sample Survey Organisation?

<p>Matrimonial reasons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is investing in education considered crucial for a country's development?

<p>It transforms the population into a knowledgeable and skilled workforce, boosting GDP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do human resources differ from natural resources in terms of development and utilization?

<p>Human resources require education and training to become productive, while natural resources are readily available for use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does geographical diversity impact population distribution in a country like India?

<p>It causes varied population densities, with higher concentrations in plains and temperate climates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of India having a large percentage of its population between the ages of 25 and 35?

<p>It indicates a potential demographic dividend if this population is skilled and employed effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain geographical areas sparsely populated?

<p>Because they feature harsh climates, mountainous terrains, or other hostile environmental conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly contributes to the higher population density in the Ganga Plain?

<p>Availability of agricultural land, fertile soil, and water resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Thar Desert have a low population density?

<p>Harsh climatic conditions making agriculture difficult. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major reason for the amplification of the urban population over the last 50 years?

<p>Migration from rural areas due to limited opportunities and lure of urban amenities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to males, females in rural areas migrate to urban areas primarily:

<p>For matrimonial reasons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a skewed sex ratio potentially indicate about a society?

<p>Prevalence of gender discrimination, potentially leading to female foeticide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the sex ratio?

<p>$(Total\ number\ of\ females / Total\ number\ of\ males) \times 1000$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can education indirectly support the health of a country?

<p>By promoting health awareness and preventive care practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high literacy rate generally indicate about a society?

<p>Improved standards of living and overall development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does education primarily contribute to a country's economic progress, beyond individual job prospects?

<p>By creating awareness of socioeconomic issues, rights, and duties, leading to responsible and informed actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST significant impact of 'Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan' and the 'Right to Education Act' on India's human capital?

<p>Providing free and compulsory education to children, aiming for universal education and improved literacy rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does an educated populace influence a nation's ability to compete in a globalized world?

<p>It helps people to understand economics, politics and science which are necessary to enhance their capabilities which facilitates effective global interaction and economic participation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does investing in vocational education and training for unskilled human resources benefit a country like India?

<p>It can substantially boost revenue generation in sectors currently facing inadequacy due to unskilled labor by increasing the skills of young population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the distinction between skilled and unskilled labor significant in the context of economic development?

<p>Skilled labor can have more specialized knowledge and aptitude, thus creating products more efficiently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a large unskilled labor force in a rapidly advancing technological environment?

<p>An rise in unemployment among unskilled workers due to automation, resulting in unskilled labourer facing unemployment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might the 'Skill India' campaign contribute to addressing the challenges posed by a large unskilled labor force?

<p>By promoting skills learning and entrepreneurship to transition the workforce towards more skilled and productive roles. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the interplay between urbanization and migration in India, which of the following scenarios would MOST likely exacerbate the challenges faced by rural migrants in urban centers?

<p>Rapid and unplanned urban expansion coupled with a slowdown in economic growth, resulting in increased competition for limited resources and opportunities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a decline in agricultural productivity due to climate change MOST significantly impact the rural-urban distribution of population in India?

<p>It would likely exacerbate rural-urban migration as people seek alternative livelihoods in urban areas, further straining urban resources and infrastructure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a region exhibits a significantly skewed sex ratio favoring males, which long-term societal implication is MOST likely to emerge, assuming no corrective interventions are implemented?

<p>Increased social instability and potential challenges related to marriage prospects and social order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hypothetical scenario, if the Indian government were aiming to rapidly improve the national sex ratio, which multi-faceted approach would likely yield the MOST sustainable and ethical results?

<p>Launching a comprehensive public awareness campaign emphasizing the equal value of sons and daughters combined with initiatives promoting female education and empowerment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming that investments in education are maintained at the current level, and that there are no new programs introduced to address public health emergencies, what is the MOST LIKELY outcome concerning improvements in the indicators of development?

<p>Literacy rates will steadily rise, but improvements in public health indicators will stagnate, limiting overall human development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a country's demographic diversity, like that of India, MOST significantly complicate human resource management strategies on a national scale?

<p>It requires highly adaptable and nuanced approaches to address varied needs in education, healthcare, and employment across different groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the concentration of a significant portion of India's population in the 25 to 35 age group serve as a potential catalyst for rapid economic development, and what critical factor could impede this potential?

<p>It provides a large, adaptable workforce ready for technological advancements, but hinges on adequate investment in skills and education to realize its full potential. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the uneven distribution of both natural and human resources, what strategic approach would MOST effectively leverage India's demographic dividend to foster inclusive growth?

<p>Implementing targeted educational and vocational programs in less developed regions to enhance local skills and improve resource management. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a high degree of geographical diversity in a country like India MOST directly impact the formulation and implementation of national human resource policies?

<p>It necessitates the development of localized and adaptive policies that account for regional variations in climate, resources, and cultural practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a significant portion of a country's population resides in areas with hostile environments or challenging terrains, how does this demographic reality MOST directly influence the nation's human resource planning and development strategies?

<p>It necessitates focused development of specialized skills and infrastructure to overcome environmental barriers and ensure equitable opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human resource management is the activity of managing money.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans can be a significant resource for a country.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India has a small percentage of its population between the ages of 25 and 35.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Investing in education and healthcare can improve a country's human resources.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Population is evenly distributed across the Earth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education can help people become more aware of socio-economic scenarios.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uneducated people are generally very aware of their surroundings and rights.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education makes people less aware of their rights and responsibilities as citizens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unemployment helps in the development and progress of a country’s economy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Right to Education Act' in India ensures free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skilled labor refers to workers who lack any specialized training.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unskilled jobs typically require extensive formal education.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India is primarily an industrial society, with most of its population living in urban areas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An urban area is defined as one where at least 75% of the population is involved in non-agricultural occupations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The urban population has decreased significantly in the last 50 years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the National Sample Survey Organisation, rural women primarily migrate to urban areas for employment opportunities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The availability of water resources has no impact on population distribution.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert, being a coastal area, attracts a large population due to favorable climatic conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A higher sex ratio (more females per 1,000 males) typically indicates a lower status for women in a society.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education plays a limited role in a country's development, primarily affecting individual prospects but not broader societal health.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human resource management refers to the activity of managing machines and infrastructure in an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country's GDP decreases when its population's productive skills and abilities are effectively utilized.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India cannot be considered a resourceful country due to its relatively small population size.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Investing in education, vocational training, and medical care for a population detracts from its potential as a human resource.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Population distribution is uniform across the Earth, with similar densities in all regions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education equips citizens with an understanding of socioeconomic scenarios, potentially leading to actions that contribute to a country's well-being.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uneducated people are typically more conscious of their surroundings and rights than educated people.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Right to Education Act 2009' in India ensures free, but not necessarily compulsory, training for all children up to the age of 16.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased productivity and technological advancements, spurred by education, correlate with healthier and more productive populations, fostering economic development.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semi-skilled human resources are the only category of manpower considered crucial for a nation's economic growth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unskilled labor roles invariably require formal education and abstract reasoning competencies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Skill India' campaign is designed to discourage indigenous production and manufacturing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A region is classified as urban when at least 55% of its population engages in occupations outside of agriculture, such as information technology or marketing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary reason for rural male migration to urban areas, as indicated by the National Sample Survey Organisation, is typically for advanced educational opportunities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased job opportunities, superior healthcare, and well-developed transportation networks in urban centers are factors that attract rural populations, contributing to urbanization.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distribution of population is significantly influenced by geographical factors, with high concentrations typically found in regions with limited agricultural land and scarce water resources.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas with favorable climatic conditions and proximity to large water bodies generally experience lower population densities due to frequent natural disasters.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balanced sex ratio in a population often indicates gender equality and reflects the status of women but is not influenced by practices like female foeticide or infanticide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country's population quality can be determined by its sex ratio, revealing societal gender dynamics, and is calculated by dividing total males by total females multiplied by 1,000.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Higher literacy rates positively correlate with a country's development, with education serving as a tool that only shapes an individual's current actions, but not their future plans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to recent data, if 75% of a region's population engages in roles outside of agriculture, such as those in IT or marketing, it is classified as an urban area.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert region is densely populated due to its favorable climate conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sex ratio is calculated by multiplying the total number of males in an area by 1000 and then dividing by the total number of females in the same area.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India's current sex ratio indicates a decline compared to its performance 50 years earlier.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education is important as a link between family, society, and individuals and also enhances the health of the country.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human beings are considered a significant resource because they can transform physical material into valuable resources with proper knowledge, skills, and technological understanding.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) decreases when a person's productive skills and abilities are properly utilized.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India's diverse demography is primarily due to its uniform ethnic composition, leading to complexities in income, education, and sex ratio.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human resources, like natural resources, are evenly distributed across the world, leading to synchronized development in all regions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas with mountainous terrain and extremely cold climates tend to be densely populated due to favorable living conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People are considered to be human ______ because the activity of managing people is called human resource management.

<p>resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans are a resource as they are productive for a country and help in the growth of the country's Gross Domestic Product, also known as ______.

<p>GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

When humans are given proper knowledge, skills and technological understanding, they can make the best use of ______ resources.

<p>natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

Investment in population betterment is done in the form of education, vocational training and ______ care.

<p>medical</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] is the number of people living in a particular area at a particular time.

<p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

India is considered an ______ society with most of its population in rural areas.

<p>agrarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

An urban area is defined as one where 75% of the population is in ______ occupations.

<p>non-agricultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the last 50 years, the rural population has barely increased, whereas the ______ population has amplified many times.

<p>urban</p> Signup and view all the answers

People migrate to urban areas for better job opportunities, or to have access to better ______ facilities.

<p>medical</p> Signup and view all the answers

The availability of agricultural land and water attracts a large ______ population.

<p>agrarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert is sparsely populated due to its ______ climate.

<p>harsh</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of females per 1,000 males is the indicator of the ______ ratio.

<p>sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] and education are responsible for the development of any country's human resources.

<p>health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education helps people become better ______.

<p>citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education shows the importance of ______ and duties.

<p>rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is difficult for an ______ person to get a worthwhile job.

<p>uneducated</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Right to Education Act 2009 ensures free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of ______.

<p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human resources are also referred to as ______.

<p>manpower</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] labor refers to workers who have specialized training.

<p>Skilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unskilled jobs usually do not require formal ______.

<p>education</p> Signup and view all the answers

When people are given appropriate knowledge, skills, and technological understanding, they can maximize the utilization of natural resources by transforming physical materials into valuable ______.

<p>resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human resource is much more powerful than any other resource as humans can be educated, healthy and ______.

<p>determined</p> Signup and view all the answers

The population of any country can become a ______ when there is an investment aimed at its betterment.

<p>resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas with low, flat lands and a temperate ______ tend to be densely populated.

<p>climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of India is very diverse, with inhabitants belonging to various ethnic groups, income levels, educational backgrounds, and geographical locations.

<p>demography</p> Signup and view all the answers

An urban area is typically defined as one where at least 75% of the population is engaged in ______ occupations, such as IT or marketing.

<p>non-agricultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

The largest concentration of population in India is found in the plains of the north, particularly the ______, due to the availability of agricultural land and water resources.

<p>Ganga Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of females per 1,000 males is used to measure the ______ of a country, reflecting women's status and equality.

<p>sex ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

Migration from rural to urban areas is often driven by a lack of employment opportunities, low income levels, and inadequate ______ in rural regions.

<p>educational</p> Signup and view all the answers

States like Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu are highly ______ due to their robust economies and advanced development levels.

<p>urbanised</p> Signup and view all the answers

Better educational institutions, healthcare services and employment opportunities in urban areas attract individuals from ______, contributing to urban population growth.

<p>villages</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the National Sample Survey Organisation, males from a rural area migrate to urban areas for ______ and females do so for matrimonial reasons.

<p>employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The western region of India, characterized by the Thar Desert, is sparsely populated due to it's ______.

<p>harsh climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education helps individuals understand their roles and responsibilities as ______, contributing to the overall progress and well-being of the nation.

<p>citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Right to Education Act of 2009 in India ensures free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of ______, aiming to improve the country's literacy rate.

<p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

A skilled labor force is essential for a nation's economic growth, as these workers possess specialized training or learned skill sets to perform specific tasks with the correct knowledge and ______.

<p>aptitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unskilled human resources typically engage in positions involving ______ labor and do not require extensive training or reasoning abilities.

<p>manual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Investing in ______ education and training programs can substantially benefit India by enhancing the skill sets of its large unskilled population.

<p>vocational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skill India and Make in India are government programs designed to promote formal learning of skills and to boost indigenous ______ and manufacturing.

<p>production</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Indian government has established a Skills Ministry to encourage innovative ideas in skill development and assist the youth in ______ and entrepreneurial domains.

<p>skilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

India's diverse demography stems from a combination of factors including ethnic diversity, income disparities, educational attainment, sex ratio imbalances, geographical divisions, and the ______ divide, creating a complex demographic landscape.

<p>rural-urban</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike many other nations with more homogenous populations, India's population is characterized by its immense diversity, with inhabitants belonging to more than two thousand ______, contributing to its complex social and cultural fabric.

<p>ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas with low, flat lands and a temperate climate tend to be ______ populated, whereas regions with harsh climates, mountainous terrain, or deserts often have sparse populations due to environmental challenges.

<p>densely</p> Signup and view all the answers

The population of any country can become a resource when there is an investment aimed at its betterment. This investment is done in the form of education, ______ and medical care.

<p>vocational training</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human beings, when imparted with proper knowledge, skills and ______, can make the best use of natural resources by transforming any physical material into a valuable resource.

<p>technological understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to a recent census, approximately 27.8 percent of India's population resides in ______ areas, highlighting the ongoing significance of rural regions.

<p>urban</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lure of better educational institutions, advanced medical facilities, and expanded job markets in urban centers draws people from rural areas, leading them to ______ in towns and cities.

<p>settle down</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geographical elements, notably the accessibility of arable land, the richness and constitution of the soil, and the presence of water sources, are pivotal in drawing substantial agrarian populations, with the most concentrated populations located in the northern plains, notably the ______.

<p>Ganga Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of females per 1,000 males serves as a crucial measure for determining the ______ in a country, reflecting societal attitudes towards gender and women's status.

<p>sex ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serving as fundamental pillars for the advancement of a nation's human capital, ______ empowers individuals, bridges gaps within society, and shapes both present actions and future endeavors.

<p>education</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are people referred to as a resource?

<p>Because they can be used or applied for betterment and improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one form of investment that leads to the betterment of the population?

<p>Education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that determines the density of population in an area?

<p>Climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one way that educated people can contribute to a country's well-being.

<p>Using water sparingly or taking public transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are people aware of when they are educated?

<p>Things that would benefit them and their country</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way education helps people in developing nations?

<p>Exposes them to new ideas and imaginations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What act ensures free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 in India?

<p>Right to Education Act 2009</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a skilled human resource.

<p>Teacher, doctor, or engineer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the top five sectors currently inadequate due to the amount of unskilled labor in India.

<p>Domestic help, automobile sector, building and construction, textile, or clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of India's population lives in rural areas, according to the text?

<p>More than three-fourths</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the most urbanized states in India mentioned in the text.

<p>Maharashtra, Gujarat, or Tamil Nadu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason people from rural areas migrate to urban areas?

<p>Fewer job opportunities, low income, lack of education, or lack of healthcare in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one geographical feature that affects population distribution, according to the text.

<p>Availability of agricultural land, soil quality, water resources, or climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sex ratio indicate in a country, according to the text?

<p>The number of females per 1,000 males</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to determine the sex ratio?

<p>Number of females per 1,000 males</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one benefit of urban life that attracts people from rural areas.

<p>Better education, medical facilities, job opportunities, or transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does education play in a country's development?

<p>Development of human resources or bridge between an individual, a family and society</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is human resource management?

<p>It is the activity of managing people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

<p>The GDP of a country rises due to the proper utilisation of a person's productive skill and ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one way a country's population can become a better resource.

<p>Through investment in education or vocational training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the density of population of any area?

<p>Type of relief, soil and climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does education help people become?

<p>Better citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that educated people contribute to a country's well-being, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Using water sparingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one obstacle to a country's development that education can help overcome?

<p>Unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What act did the Indian government pass in 2009 to ensure education for children?

<p>Right to Education Act 2009</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a skilled worker provided in the text.

<p>Teacher</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of labor does not require specialized skills or training?

<p>Unskilled labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give one example of a highly urbanized center in India mentioned in the text?

<p>Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Delhi, Chandigarh, Pune, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Kanpur</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one reason why people from rural areas migrate to urban areas?

<p>Fewer opportunities of employment, low levels of income, lack of educational and training facilities, and lack of health and medical facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature attracts a large agrarian population, according to the text?

<p>Availability of agricultural land, the depth and quality of the soil, and the availability of water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the sex ratio in a country?

<p>Number of females per 1,000 males</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sex ratio that is heavily skewed towards males possibly indicate?

<p>Gender discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor responsible for the development of any country's human resources.

<p>Health or education</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is investment in education, vocational training and medical care important for a country aiming to utilize its population as a resource?

<p>Such investments improve the knowledge, skills, and health of the population, transforming them into a productive human resource that contributes to the country's GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the uneven distribution of natural resources impacts the distribution of human resources across the world.

<p>Areas rich in natural resources often attract larger populations due to economic opportunities, while areas lacking resources may have lower population densities which in turn impacts distribution of human resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how geographical factors influence population density, provide an example.

<p>Favorable geographical factors like flat lands, fertile soil, and a temperate climate support higher population densities, conversely; Mountainous terrain and harsh climates contribute to lower population densities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are humans considered the most significant resource compared to other resources?

<p>Humans possess the ability to transform natural resources into valuable resources through knowledge, skills, and technological understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a large population be both a resource and a challenge for a country like India?

<p>A large population provides a vast workforce and potential for economic growth, but it also presents challenges related to providing adequate education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does education contribute to citizens becoming more responsible and engaged in their communities and country?

<p>Education enhances awareness of socioeconomic issues, rights, and duties, leading to more responsible behavior and participation in the country's progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how increased education levels can lead to a higher standard of living within a country.

<p>Education improves job prospects and equips individuals with the knowledge to boost the economy, leading to better employment opportunities and a higher quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does education combat unemployment and support a country's economic development?

<p>Education equips people with skills for worthwhile jobs, reducing unemployment, and exposes them to new ideas and globalization, enhancing their capabilities and promoting economic growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between skilled and unskilled human resources, providing examples of each.

<p>Skilled human resources have specialized training and skill sets (e.g., teachers, doctors, engineers), while unskilled human resources do not require specialized training (e.g., farm laborers, general cleaners).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the challenges India faces due to having a large percentage of unskilled labor in its workforce?

<p>India faces challenges such as lower productivity, slower technological advancements, and underutilization of its potential in sectors like domestic help, automobile, building and construction, textile, and clothing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can investing in vocational education and training programs help India address its shortage of skilled human resources?

<p>Investing in vocational education and training enhances the skill sets of the young population, turning them into skilled human resources capable of boosting revenue in various sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose and potential impact of the 'Skill India' and 'Make in India' campaigns on India's economy.

<p>The 'Skill India' campaign promotes skill development, while the 'Make in India' campaign promotes indigenous production and manufacturing, potentially transforming India into a global human resource capital and a manufacturing hub.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the availability of agricultural land and water resources influences population density, referencing a specific region in India as an example.

<p>Areas with abundant agricultural land and water, like the Ganga Plain, support higher population densities due to the ability to sustain a large agrarian population. Fertile soil and access to water facilitate successful farming, leading to greater food production and economic opportunities, attracting more people to settle in these regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does India's diverse geography, including coastal areas and deserts, affect population distribution?

<p>Favourable climates in coastal areas attract larger populations, while harsh conditions in regions like the Thar Desert lead to sparse populations. This is because coastal areas often have moderate temperatures and access to resources, where as deserts will lack resources and have extreme temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe two key factors that drive rural-to-urban migration in India, according to the text.

<p>According to the text, people in rural India migrate to urban areas mainly due to fewer employment opportunities and lack of educational/training facilities. The text also mentions better job opportunities, educational, and medical facilities as reasons to move to urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the sex ratio is calculated and what it indicates about the status of women in a society.

<p>Sex ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of females by the total number of males in an area, then multiplying by 1000. A skewed sex ratio often reflects gender discrimination, potentially stemming from practices like female foeticide or infanticide, indicating lower status of women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is education considered a crucial factor in the development of a country's human resources, and how does it indirectly support health?

<p>Because it acts as a bridge between an individual, a family and society. It is important because education is a tool which shapes one's present actions and future plans. It is because of education that one is able to understand the world which indirectly supports health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare the rural and urban population distribution in India and identify the major trend observed over the last 50 years.

<p>India has a higher percentage of population living in rural areas (over 70%) compared to urban areas. The major trend is rapid urban population growth with little growth in the rural population due to migration and urbanization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do relief features (plains vs. hills/deserts) influence development and population distribution, and what infrastructural benefits do plains offer?

<p>Plains allow infrastructural development more easily compared to hills/deserts, therefore facilitating modern development and convenient transportation. Plains support higher population densities due to infrastructural benefits such as modern transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do urbanization and geographical factors interrelate to influence population density and distribution patterns?

<p>Urbanization leads to increased population density in urban centers due to migration. Geographical factors, such as climate determine areas with more dense populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how investment in human capital, such as education and healthcare, directly contributes to a nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

<p>Investment in education and healthcare enhances the skills, knowledge, and overall health of the population, leading to increased productivity and innovation, which in turn drives economic growth and higher GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss why India's large population, particularly the high percentage between the ages of 25 and 35, is considered a potentially significant resource.

<p>A large youthful population can be a significant resource because it represents a substantial workforce that, with proper education and training, can drive economic growth and innovation. This demographic dividend can boost productivity and contribute to the nation's GDP if harnessed effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the key geographical and environmental factors that significantly influence population density in different regions.

<p>Favorable geographical factors such as flat lands and temperate climates tend to support higher population densities due to ease of agriculture and living conditions. Conversely, harsh climates, mountainous terrains, and deserts lead to sparse populations due to limited resources and difficult living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the uneven distribution of human resources, similar to the uneven distribution of natural resources, impacts regional and national development strategies.

<p>Uneven distribution leads to disparities in economic development across regions. Areas with more skilled and educated populations may experience faster growth, while others lag. National strategies must address these imbalances through targeted investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure to promote more equitable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the challenges and opportunities presented by India's diverse demography, including its numerous ethnic groups, varying income levels, and rural-urban divide, in the context of human resource management and national development.

<p>Challenges include addressing inequalities in access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities across different groups. Opportunities lie in leveraging this diversity for innovation and creativity, fostering inclusive policies, and promoting social cohesion to harness the full potential of the population for national development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the interplay between geographical features and economic activities can create regional disparities in population distribution within India?

<p>The interplay between geographical features and economic activities influences population distribution through factors like agricultural viability, access to resources, and industrial development. Regions with fertile land and abundant water, such as the Ganga Plain, support dense agricultural populations. Conversely, regions with harsh climates or difficult terrain, like the Thar Desert, have sparse populations. The availability of raw materials and good connectivity can spur industrial development, attracting more people to certain areas. These factors can lead to regional disparities as some areas offer better economic opportunities and living conditions than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the potential long-term socioeconomic consequences if the trend of rural-to-urban migration continues at its current pace in India. Consider both the opportunities and challenges this migration presents.

<p>Continued rapid rural-to-urban migration in India could lead to overcrowded cities, straining infrastructure and resources, and increasing urban poverty and inequality. Simultaneously, it could drive economic growth by providing a larger workforce for industries and services, potentially improving overall productivity and innovation. However, it may also result in rural areas facing labor shortages, reduced agricultural output, and a decline in traditional skills and culture. The consequences hinge on effective urban planning, rural development initiatives, and social support systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the multifaceted role education plays in influencing demographic indicators such as health, sex ratio, and urbanization within a society.

<p>Education enhances health awareness, promoting better hygiene and healthcare practices, which can lead to lower mortality rates and improved overall health. It empowers women, challenging gender norms and potentially improving sex ratios through increased awareness and reduced instances of female foeticide and infanticide. Education also drives urbanization by providing individuals with skills and opportunities for employment in urban sectors, fostering economic development and social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Critically evaluate the claim that a higher literacy rate invariably leads to improved socioeconomic conditions in a region. Provide specific examples to support or refute this assertion.

<p>While a higher literacy rate generally correlates with improved socioeconomic conditions, it does not guarantee it. Literacy enhances access to information and skills, boosting economic productivity and health outcomes. However, factors like lack of job opportunities, inadequate infrastructure, or social inequalities can limit the impact of literacy. Kerala's high literacy rate has contributed significantly to its development, but challenges remain in areas like unemployment. Conversely, regions with moderate literacy rates but strong industrial growth may experience socioeconomic improvements, despite lower literacy rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the primary limitations of sex ratio as a comprehensive indicator of gender equality and the overall status of women in a region. What additional metrics should be considered for a more nuanced assessment?

<p>While sex ratio indicates gender balance, it's a limited metric for gender equality. A balanced sex ratio alone doesn't guarantee women's well-being or equal status. Additional metrics for a nuanced assessment include female literacy rates, economic participation, political representation, health indicators (maternal mortality), and levels of violence against women. These factors offer insights into women's access to education, employment, decision-making power, healthcare, and safety, providing a more complete picture of gender equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Resource Management

Managing people; ideally using people for betterment, improvement or the convenience

People as Human Resources

People are a resource because they contribute to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through their skills and abilities.

Population as a Resource

Investing in population through education, training and medical care.

Population Distribution

The number of people living in a specific area at a specific time.

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Factors Affecting Distribution

Physical(climate, terrain) and human factors(economic/social) influence where people live and how densely populated an area is.

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Education's impact on citizenship

Awareness of socioeconomic issues, responsible resource use, and contribution to the country's well-being.

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Education and civic engagement

Understanding rights and duties, boosting economic participation, and informed voting.

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Education and employment

Access to better jobs, reducing unemployment, and exposure to new ideas and globalization.

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Skilled Human Resources

Workers with specialized training and skill-sets, crucial for economic growth and business success.

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Unskilled Human Resources

Labor that does not require specialized skills or training, typically involving manual labor.

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Improving India's workforce

Investing in vocational training and skill development programs.

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'Skill India' and 'Make in India'

Government programs to promote skill development, indigenous production, and manufacturing.

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Rural-Urban Distribution

The distribution of population between rural and urban areas.

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Urban Area (in India)

An area where at least 75% of the population is in non-agricultural occupations.

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Migration Effect

Movement of people from rural to urban areas seeking better opportunities.

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Benefits of Urban Life

Advantageous conditions in cities that attract people from rural areas.

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Sex Ratio

The number of females per 1,000 males.

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Geographical Influence on Population

Geographical features like plains, climate, and water availability impacting where people live.

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Role of Education

Essential for developing human resources and societal advancement.

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Role of Health

Improved quality of life, access to healthcare, and overall societal progress.

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Humans as a Resource

People are a valuable asset because they possess skills and abilities that contribute to a country's progress.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.

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Vocational Training

Training that emphasizes practical skills and knowledge for specific jobs.

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Demography

The study of population statistics in different demographics.

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India's Complexity

In India complex factors of a population are: income, education, sex ratio, geographical divisions and rural-urban divide.

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"Skill India" and "Make in India"

Government programs to promote skill development, indigenous production, and manufacturing.

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Rural to Urban Migration

Movement from rural areas to cities seeking better prospects.

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Attractions of Urban Life

Better jobs, education, healthcare, and infrastructure available in cities.

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Impact of Geography on Population

Land, water resources, and favorable climate attract larger populations.

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Sex Ratio Definition

Number of females per 1,000 males in a population.

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Sex Ratio Significance

Reflects women's status; skewed ratios indicate gender discrimination.

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Importance of Education

Crucial for human development, bridging individuals to society.

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Education and Literacy

Indicator of social progress, development and empowers women.

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What is a resource?

A source that can be used or applied for the betterment, improvement or the convenience of humans.

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What is Human resource?

The human population, enriched with education, skills, and health, ready to contribute to a country's GDP.

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Human resource distribution

Uneven distribution around the world.

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Influences on Population Density

The physical and human aspects of an area.

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India's Demographic Diversity

Over 2,000 ethnic groups

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India's Agrarian Nature

Predominantly agricultural society with over 75% of population in rural areas.

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Urban Attractions

Better education, healthcare, jobs, transport, and recreation in cities.

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Geographical Attractiveness

Availability of farmland and water, which attracts agrarian populations.

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Education's Role

Indicates development; links individual, family, and society.

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Literacy Rate

Percentage of people in a region who can read and write.

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Human Capital

When imparted with proper knowledge, training, and skills allows for the transformation of resources into valuable assets.

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Working-Age Population

The percentage of people in a specific age range, such as 25 to 35 years old. A high percentage in this range often indicates a large potential workforce.

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Population Distribution Factors

Uneven distribution due to physical and human factors such as climate, terrain, economic opportunities, and social factors.

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India's Demographic Complexity

The diverse ethnic groups, incomes, education levels, sex ratios, geographical divisions, and the rural-urban divide that characterize the country.

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India's Agrarian Society

India is predominantly agricultural, with most people living in rural areas.

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Most Urbanized States

States like Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu lead in urban development and economic activity.

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Reasons for Rural Migration

Limited rural jobs, education, healthcare drive people to cities for better lives.

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Migration Reasons by Gender

Males migrate for work, females often move for marriage.

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Attracting Geographical features

Plains, coasts, and areas near water bodies attract more people due to resources and climate.

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Sparse Population Areas

Harsh climate results in low population density.

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Plains vs. Other Terrains

Plains favor development (transport, infrastructure) compared to hills or deserts.

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Education's Societal role

Education links individual, family, and society, and is a key development indicator.

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Education's Role as citizens

Awareness of socioeconomic scenarios promotes responsible citizenship and contribution to national progress.

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Education Importance of Rights and Duties

Education helps people understand their rights, duties, and how to improve the economy, raising their standard of living.

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Education Helps in Getting Jobs

Education improves job opportunities and reduces unemployment, fostering economic growth and global interaction.

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India's Need for Skilled Workers

India needs to invest in education and training to enhance the skills of its large, unskilled population.

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Sectors Lacking Skilled Labor in india

Domestic help, automobile, building, textile, and clothing sectors in India suffer from unskilled labour shortages.

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Factors Influencing Distribution

Physical characteristics such as terrain and climate, or human aspects like the economy and society.

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Sex Ratio Calculation

Formula: (Females / Males) x 1000

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Plains Advantage

Plains favor development due to easy transport, infrastructure.

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Education's Impact: Citizenship

Awareness of socio-economic conditions and responsible resource use.

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Education: Rights and Duties

Understanding rights/duties and participating to boost the economy.

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Education: Employment Boost

Access to better jobs, lower unemployment, and global interaction.

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India's Skill Needs

Investing in training to boost skills of the large, unskilled population.

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People as Resources

People are considered valuable assets that contribute to a country's economy and growth.

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Investing in Human Capital

Investing in people's education, healthcare, and training to improve their skills and productivity.

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Population Size

The number of individuals residing in a specific area at a given time.

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Factors in Population Distribution

Geographic and societal factors affect where individuals live and how densely populated an area becomes.

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India's Rural Character

Primarily an agrarian society where most people live in rural areas and depend on agriculture.

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Push Factors of Migration

Lack of jobs, education, and healthcare in rural areas push people to cities.

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Agricultural Attraction

Farmland, good soil, and water attract more people to live there.

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Highest Literacy State

Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India.

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India's Sex Ratio (recent)

India's sex ratio is approximately 940 females per 1,000 males.

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Ideal Population Conditions

Areas with flat lands and temperate climates tend to have a higher population density.

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Defining an Urban Area

An area where the majority of the population is engaged in non-agricultural activities.

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Geographical Factors

Geographical features influencing population density and distribution.

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Urbanized State

The degree to which an area has a developed urban center, infrastructure, and economy.

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Education Improves Citizenship

Awareness of socioeconomic issues and contribution to national progress.

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Education Boosts Economy

Understanding rights, duties, and actions to boost the economy.

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Education Improves Job Prospects

Access to better jobs, reducing unemployment, and global opportunities.

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Sectors that need Skilled Labor

Sectors where India needs more skilled labor.

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Human Resource Management (HRM)

The activity of managing people within an organization, focusing on maximizing their potential and contribution.

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People as a 'Resource'

People are considered a resource because their skills, knowledge, and abilities contribute to a country's productivity and economic growth.

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Investment in Human Capital

When a country invests in the education, healthcare, and training of its people to improve their productivity and quality of life.

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Geographical Influence

How land, water, and climate affect population.

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Education and Citizenship

Awareness of socioeconomic issues, rights, and duties, contributing to responsible and informed actions.

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Education and Economy

Understanding rights and duties, boosting economic participation, and voting for effective leaders to improve living standards.

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Human Capital Investment

Investing in education, training, and healthcare to improve skills and productivity.

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Rural-Urban Migration

The shift in population from rural to urban areas.

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Geographical Population Factors

Plains and coastal regions are densely populated due to agriculture and climate.

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Significance of Sex Ratio

Indicates women's status; imbalance reveals gender discrimination.

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Education's Socioeconomic Role

Links individuals to society, key indicator of progress.

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Literacy as Development Indicator

Higher literacy rate means progress, development, and empowerment.

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Human Resources

The human population, possessing skills, knowledge, and capabilities that can drive economic growth and development.

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Population

A statistical measure indicating the number of people residing in a specific geographic area at a particular point in time.

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Physical Factors (Population)

Aspects of the natural environment, such as landforms, soil quality, and weather conditions, that impact where and how densely people live.

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Human Factors (Population)

Socioeconomic and cultural elements, including economic opportunities, social structures, and cultural practices, that influence population distribution.

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Rural-Urban Divide

The distribution of people living in rural areas versus urban areas.

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High Sex Ratio

Area with a higher number of females compared to males.

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Rural disadvantage

Area with less job opportunities, low income, as well as, lack of education, healthcare, and medical facilities.

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Education Impact

Education is essential to improve one's actions and future plans.

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India’s Agrarian Nature

India is predominantly agricultural, with most people living in rural areas.

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HRM

The practice of managing the people within an organization.

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Physical Factors

Land features, soils, and weather influence populaiton concentration.

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Human Factors

Job availability and cultural norms impact where people reside.

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Youthful Population

A population where a significant portion is aged 25-35.

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Education: Better citizens

Awareness of socioeconomic scenarios, rights, and duties leading to positive contributions.

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Skilled labor's role

Important for economic growth, providing specialized knowledge and skills for specific jobs.

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Defining unskilled labor

Labor that requires no specialized training; often involves manual tasks.

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India: Skills improvement

Investing in vocational education and training to upgrade skills.

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India's Skills Ministry

Ministry encouraging innovative ideas and supporting youth in skill development and entrepreneurship.

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Unskilled labor challenges

Lacking formal training or specialized skill sets, hindering potential economic contributions.

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Sectors Lacking Skilled Labor

Sectors where India faces a shortage of skilled labor.

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Highly Urbanized States

States that are highly developed in urban areas and have a high economy

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Population Investment Forms

Education, vocational training and medical care

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Study Notes

  • Managing people is human resource management.
  • People are a resource for national productivity and GDP growth.
  • The GDP of a country rises due to the proper utilization of a person's productive skill and ability.
  • Humans transform physical materials into valuable resources using knowledge, skills, and technology.
  • India's large population has 65% between 25 and 35 years old.
  • Population becomes a resource when there is investment in education, vocational training, and medical care.
  • Human resources are more powerful than other resources because they can be educated, healthy, and determined.
  • Natural resources are not evenly distributed in the world, and neither are human resources.
  • Human resources aren't evenly distributed.

Population Distribution

  • Population refers to the number of people living in a specific area at a specific time.
  • People are not distributed evenly across the Earth.
  • Population distribution is influenced by physical and human factors.
  • Relief, soil, and climate determine population density.
  • Areas with low, flat lands and a temperate climate are densely populated.
  • Harsh climates, mountainous terrain, deserts, or hostile environments lead to sparse population.

Population Distribution in India

  • Indian demography includes over two thousand ethnic groups, contributing to its diversity.
  • Population distribution in India is complex due to income, education, sex ratio, geography, and the rural-urban divide.

Rural-Urban Distribution

  • India is primarily an agrarian society with most of its population in rural areas dependent on agriculture.
  • Agriculture and related occupations are major components of the Indian economy.
  • An urban area is where 75% of the population benefits from non-agricultural occupations like IT or marketing.
  • About 27.8% of India’s population lives in urban areas.
  • Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Delhi, Chandigarh, Pune, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, and Kanpur are some of the most urbanized centers of India, with an average density of 6,888 persons per square kilometer.
  • Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu are the most urbanized states economically.
  • Urbanization causes large-scale migrations from rural to metropolitan areas.
  • The rural population has grown minimally compared to the rapid growth of the urban population in the last 50 years.

Migration Effect

  • Rural populations face limited employment, low income, and lack of education, training, and healthcare.
  • Migration to urban areas is driven by the desire for better opportunities, changing population distribution and increasing urban population.

Benefits of Urban Life

  • Urban life benefits include better educational, medical, and health facilities, more job opportunities, better-developed transport, and recreation centers.
  • The National Sample Survey Organisation notes rural males migrate to urban areas for employment, while rural females do so for matrimonial reasons.

Geographical Features

  • Geographical features and location affect population density and distribution.
  • Agricultural land, soil quality, and water resources attract large agrarian populations, especially in the Ganga Plain in northern India.
  • Coastal areas and cities near large water bodies attract populations with favorable climatic conditions.
  • The Thar Desert in western India has a sparse population due to its harsh climate.
  • Plains offer greater scope for development compared to hills, deserts, or marshy lands, providing better infrastructure and transportation.
  • Areas suitable for industries due to good connectivity and raw material availability, like Srinagar Valley, Delhi, Pune and Nasik, often see increased population.

Sex Ratio

  • Sex ratio is the number of females per 1,000 males.
  • It indicates population quality and the status of women.
  • India's sex ratio has improved to 940 females per 1,000 males, comparable to 941 in 1961.
  • Gender discrimination leads to sex ratios skewed towards males due to female foeticide, female infanticide, and domestic violence.
  • Sex ratio is calculated as: (Total number of females / Total number of males) × 1000.
  • Example: 11,500 females and 14,000 males result in a sex ratio of 822 females per thousand males.

Role of Health and Education

  • Health and education develop a country's human resources.
  • Education influences health and acts as a bridge between individuals, families, and society.
  • Education shapes present actions and future plans, fostering an understanding of the world.
  • Education and literacy are the indicators of development in any society.
  • India's literacy rate was 12% post-British rule and increased to 18.33% in the early 1950s.
  • By 2001, the literacy rate rose to 65.37%, reaching 74.04% in 2011.
  • Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 94%, followed by Mizoram at 91.33% and Lakshadweep at 91.85%.
  • Literacy rates are generally lower among females (65.46%) compared to males (80%).

Importance of Education

  • Education improves socioeconomic awareness, fostering better citizenship and contribution to the country’s well-being.
  • Educated individuals contribute to the country's well-being through actions like conserving water and using public transport.
  • Uneducated people are often unaware of their surroundings, rights, and duties.
  • Education makes people aware of their rights and duties, helping them contribute to the economy and improve their living standards.
  • Education enables citizens to vote for impactful leaders, improving job prospects and reducing unemployment.
  • It exposes people to new ideas and globalization, enhancing capabilities in economics, politics, and science.
  • It facilitates global interaction and underscores the importance of fulfilling duties.
  • The Right to Education Act (2009) ensures free and compulsory education for all children up to age 14, akin to the 'Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan'.
  • Education increases productivity and speeds up technological advancements, promoting economic development.

Skilled and Unskilled Human Resources

  • Human resources, also known as manpower, consists of three types of human resources-skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled

Skilled Human Resources

  • An educated and skilled labor force drives economic growth.
  • Skilled labor involves workers with specialized training or learned skill-sets to perform specific tasks with knowledge and aptitude.
  • Skilled workers can be blue-collar or white-collar with varying levels of training or education.
  • Specialized training and skill sets create a quality workforce that ensures business success.
  • Skilled human resources are dedicated, balanced, and efficient in their work.
  • Examples of skilled workforce include teachers, doctors, and engineers.

Unskilled Human Resources

  • Unskilled labor doesn't require specific skills or training, doesn't involve reasoning or intellectual abilities.
  • Unskilled workers are typically in manual labor positions such as packagers, assemblers, or farm workers.
  • Unskilled jobs generally do not require formal education and can be performed by most people.
  • Unskilled jobs are decreasing due to technological and societal advances, leading to unemployment for unskilled laborers.
  • Technological advancements require workers to have technological skills.
  • Remaining unskilled labor occupations include farm laborers, grocery clerks, hotel maids, and general cleaners and sweepers.

Unskilled Human Resources in India

  • Indian economy can benefit substantially from investing in vocational education and in training unskilled human resources.
  • Enhancing the skill sets of the young population is necessary in the changing economic environment.
  • Only 5% of the Indian population is trained and skilled.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi envisions India as the 'human resource capital' of the world, resembling China's role as a global 'manufacturing factory.'
  • The Skill India Mission is providing learning of any skill formally.
  • The Make in India campaigns are promoting indigenous production and manufacturing.
  • The top five sectors with a significant amount of unskilled labor in India are:
    • Domestic help (informal sector)
    • Automobile sector
    • Building and construction
    • Textile
    • Clothing
  • Training and education in these sectors could generate high revenue for India.

Increasing Skilled Human Resources in India

  • The Government of India has established a Skills Ministry to encourage innovative ideas in skill development and assist youth in skilling and entrepreneurship.
  • The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has identified over 24 high-growth sectors requiring skilled employees.
  • Manufacturing, textile, construction, automotives, retail, healthcare, and transportation sectors are expected to experience the highest growth.
  • Companies in these sectors can benefit from investing in skill development programs.
  • The Skill India Mission offers companies an opportunity to bridge the skill gap by engaging with the government and implementation agencies to provide training programs.
  • Active involvement of the private sector is essential for achieving wide-scale impact.

Impact of Skilled Human Resources on Development

  • Human resources indicate the active age group of people who contribute to a country's economic growth.
  • Agriculture is labor intensive and benefits from skilled manpower using scientific tools and methods, which develop the agriculture from a subsistence level to a business oriented profession.
  • Development of agriculture depends on the use of scientific methods which need active human resources.
  • Skilled human resources ensure the optimum use of resources, leading to national progress.
  • Natural resources are sustainably used with active human initiatives.
  • Skilled human resources drive industrial development by using modern technology, new ideas, and productive machinery.
  • Industrialization requires a regular supply of raw materials and energy, which depend on skilled human resources.
  • Human resources facilitate large-scale production through the optimum use of capital, land, and organization in the production process.
  • Infrastructure development relies on active and skilled human resources.
  • Skilled human resources act as agents of foreign trade, understanding international trade expansion and maximizing benefits while minimizing losses.

Fact

  • India's population is equivalent to 17.74% of the total world population

Various programs run by some Corporation in the country

  • Dr. Reddy's Laboratories:

    • Pharmaceutical
    • Dr. Reddy's Foundation runs the Livelihood Advancement Business School for those between 18 and 35 years old
    • Provides industry specific and soft skills to students
    • In 2014, there were 75 centres across 19 states.
    • It also has two programs that focus on persons with disabilities and farmers.
  • BOSCH India:

    • Automobile
    • Skills and livelihood training.
    • Programmed usually span for 2-6 months and are focussed on hands-on-learning
    • Programmes are closely linked to market demand.
  • Wipro

    • IT/ITES
    • Mission 10x works to increase the employability of engineering graduates in India by training faculty in various colleges.
    • Mission 10x reaches out to students training the faculty in various colleges across 25 states in India.
  • Hindustan Unilever

    • FMCG
    • Project Shakti is a micro-entrepreneurship rural distribution initiative targeted at underprivileged rural women.
    • It provides livelihood enhancing opportunities through basic business management training of 'Shakti Entrepreneurs' who distribute HUL products which they purchase at discounted rates.
  • Axis Bank

    • BFSI
    • Sustainable Livelihood programme is focussed on remedial education, vocational training and rural entrepreneurship.
    • The livelihood programme, runs in 26 states and 239 districts of the country, targeting to provide one million people with sustainable livelihood options by 2017.

The various roles of education are:-

  • Ensuring quality of life
  • Optimum use of natural resources
  • Maintaining and improving health
  • Controlling population explosion
  • Checking under nourishment
  • Giving impetus to family planning
  • Establishing equality of sexes
  • Preparing young people for better family life
  • Developing appropriate reproductive behavior
  • Proper utilisation of national wealth
  • Controlling environmental degration

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