Human Resource Planning Chapter 4
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the first step in the strategic planning process?

  • Determination of strategies
  • Assessment of the organization and its environment
  • Setting of specific objectives
  • Determination of the organizational mission (correct)
  • The strategic planning process involves only internal assessments of an organization.

    False (B)

    What are the two components of environmental assessment in strategic planning?

    External and Internal

    After determining the mission and assessing the environment, the next step in strategic planning is the setting of specific ______ or direction.

    <p>objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Mission = Defining the organization's purpose and principles Environmental Assessment = Analyzing internal strengths/weaknesses and external opportunities/threats Objectives = Specific, measurable goals derived from the mission Strategies = Plans to achieve the objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity focuses on determining external conditions, threats, and opportunities?

    <p>External assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determining strategies happens before setting specific objectives/direction in Strategic Planning

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must you decide upon in mission determination?

    <p>What is to be accomplished; principles that will guide the effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which job analysis method is best suited for gathering information that emphasizes manual skills?

    <p>Observation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Employee recording is a method where analysts directly observe employees performing their tasks.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the employee, who else should participate in the job analysis process?

    <p>Employee’s immediate supervisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A job description is a document that states tasks, duties and ______.

    <p>Responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which verb tense should be used when writing job descriptions?

    <p>Present tense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential problem with the employee recording method?

    <p>Employees may exaggerate job importance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job specifications should always reflect the ideal qualifications a worker should possess.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting a job analysis, according to the presented material?

    <p>Budgeting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A job description should be irrelevant to provide a broad overview of the position.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For production jobs, which job analysis methods are typically used?

    <p>Interviews supplemented by extensive work observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the job title, department, and reporting relationship, what else is included in the job identification section of a job description?

    <p>job number or code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job analysis only impacts staffing practices within HR.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides duties and responsibilities, what worker-oriented activities are documented during job analysis?

    <p>Machines, tools, and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using inflated job specifications could systematically eliminate ______ or women from consideration.

    <p>minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the job analysis method to its primary characteristic:

    <p>Observation = Analyst watches worker perform job tasks Interviews = Involves both employee and supervisor Employee Recording = Employees describe daily work activities Combination of Methods = Analysts use more than one method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their description in the context of job descriptions:

    <p>Job Identification = Includes job title, department, reporting relationship, and job code. Job Summary = Concise overview of the job. Duties Performed = Major responsibilities and tasks of the job. Job Specification = Minimum qualifications a worker should possess.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job analysis connects tasks, responsibilities and duties to create job __________.

    <p>descriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following job analysis methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Questionnaires = Structured forms given to employees to gather job-related information Observation = Watching employees perform their tasks and recording details Interviews = Meeting with employees and supervisors to discuss job duties Employee Recording = Employees documenting their daily activities and tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of including the 'Job Analysis Date' in a job description?

    <p>To identify job changes that make the description obsolete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, it is acceptable to use jargon and industry-specific terms in a job description to attract qualified candidates.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential problem with using questionnaires for job analysis?

    <p>Employees might lack verbal skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered during job analysis?

    <p>Financial and nonfinancial compensation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SOC stand for?

    <p>Standard Occupational Classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skills, knowledge, and abilities are part of a Job Description.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following positions falls under the 'Human Resource Managers' category?

    <p>Wage and Salary Administrator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O*NET is a privately developed database offering information on worker attributes and job characteristics.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary change in job descriptions due to team design?

    <p>increased focus on 'any other duty that may be assigned'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Fair Labor Standards Act categorizes employees as either exempt or ________.

    <p>nonexempt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law mandates that similar pay must be provided to women if jobs, as shown in job descriptions, are not substantially different?

    <p>Equal Pay Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Civil Rights Act provides employers a basis for defending against unfair discrimination claims.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act requires employers to specify job elements that could endanger health?

    <p>Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following legal acts with their primary focus related to job analysis:

    <p>Fair Labor Standards Act = Employee categorization (exempt vs. nonexempt) Equal Pay Act = Pay equity between genders for similar jobs Civil Rights Act = Defense against unfair discrimination Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) = Identification of job elements that endanger health Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) = Reasonable accomodations for disabled workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST description of job design?

    <p>The process of determining specific tasks to be performed, the way of performing the tasks, and how a job relates to other work in an organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job enrichment focuses on increasing the variety of tasks performed at the same level of responsibility.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reengineering?

    <p>to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is often required for higher-level tasks and can be effective in protecting a company against the loss of key employees.

    <p>job rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following job design strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Job Enlargement = Increasing the variety of tasks at the same level of responsibility. Job Enrichment = Increasing the level of responsibility and challenge. Job Rotation = Moving employees between different jobs. Reengineering = Radically redesigning business processes for dramatic improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of global talent management?

    <p>Optimizing the use of human capital to drive organizational results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross-training is another term for job enrichment.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List four critical measures of performance that reengineering aims to improve.

    <p>Cost, Quality, Service, and Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Job Design

    Determining specific tasks, methods, and job relationships within an organization.

    Job Enrichment

    Enhancing a job's content and responsibility to provide greater challenges for workers.

    Job Enlargement

    Expanding the scope of a job to include a variety of tasks at the same responsibility level.

    Job Rotation

    Moving employees between different jobs to broaden their experience and skills.

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    Reengineering

    Radical redesign of business processes to achieve major improvements in performance metrics.

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    Global Talent Management

    Strategic approach to optimize human capital for achieving organizational goals.

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    Vertical Expansion

    Adding higher-level responsibilities to a job, typically associated with job enrichment.

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    Cross-Training

    Training employees to perform multiple tasks across different roles within an organization.

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    Proper Language in Job Description

    Language should be clear, unbiased, and present tense.

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    Job Identification

    Details like job title, department, and reporting relationships.

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    Job Analysis Date

    Helps track changes that can make descriptions outdated.

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    Job Summary

    A brief overview that highlights the job's purpose.

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    Duties Performed

    List of major responsibilities of the job.

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    Job Specification

    Lists minimum qualifications required for a position.

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    Inflated Job Specifications

    Overstated qualifications can exclude certain groups and complicate hiring.

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    Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

    System for organizing job descriptions across U.S. occupations.

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    Job Analysis

    A method to gather information about job responsibilities, necessary skills, and working conditions.

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    O*NET

    A government-developed database providing detailed occupational information on worker attributes and job characteristics.

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    Fair Labor Standards Act

    A law that categorizes employees as exempt or nonexempt regarding overtime pay and minimum wage.

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    Equal Pay Act

    Requires equal pay for women if their job roles, as per descriptions, are not substantially different from men's roles.

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    Job Description

    A formal document outlining the duties and responsibilities of a specific job role.

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    Competencies

    An individual's ability to apply knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform work successfully.

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    Competency Modeling

    Specifying and defining the necessary competencies for success in various jobs within an industry.

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    ADA/ADA Amendments Act

    Requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities.

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    Strategic Planning Process

    The procedure to establish an organization’s mission, assess its environment, set objectives, and create strategies.

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    Organizational Mission

    The fundamental purpose of an organization, defining what it aims to achieve.

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    Environmental Assessment

    The analysis of external and internal factors affecting an organization.

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    Setting Specific Objectives

    The process of defining clear and measurable goals for an organization.

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    Strategies Development

    Creating plans to achieve the established objectives of an organization.

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    Human Resource Planning

    The process of forecasting an organization’s future human resource needs.

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    Staffing

    The process of recruiting and hiring employees for specific roles.

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    Training and Development

    Activities aimed at improving employee skills and knowledge.

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    Performance Appraisal

    Regular evaluation of employee performance against benchmarks.

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    Worker-oriented activities

    Tasks that focus on the worker's needs and abilities.

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    Job Analysis Methods

    Various techniques to gather job-related information.

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    Questionnaires in Job Analysis

    Structured surveys used to collect data from employees about their jobs.

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    Observation in Job Analysis

    A method where analysts watch workers perform tasks and record observations to gather information about manual skills.

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    Interviews in Job Analysis

    Engaging both employee and supervisor in discussion to gain insights about job duties and performance.

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    Employee Recording

    Employees maintain a diary or log of daily work activities, useful for specialized jobs.

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    Combination of Methods

    Utilizing multiple job analysis methods for more reliable information.

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    Conducting Job Analysis

    Involves employees and their immediate supervisors for accurate job insights.

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    Major Items in Job Description

    Includes duties performed, time allocation, performance standards, working conditions, and reporting structure.

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    Importance of Accuracy

    Job descriptions need to be relevant and accurate to ensure effective job performance and expectations.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 4: Strategic Planning, Human Resource Planning, and Job Analysis

    • This chapter covers strategic planning, human resource planning, and job analysis

    • Learning objectives include defining the strategic planning process, explaining human resource planning, and describing forecasting requirements.

    • The chapter also details forecasting human resource availability, explaining how firms handle shortages or surpluses, and describing strategic succession planning. It also covers job analysis, including the types of information needed and the reasons behind it.

    • Strategic planning consists of four steps:

      • Determining the organizational mission
      • Assessing the organization and its environment
      • Setting specific objectives or direction
      • Determining strategies to accomplish those objectives
    • The strategic planning/implementation process includes: Mission Determination (deciding purpose and principles), Environmental Assessment (internal and external conditions), Objective Setting (attainable, time-specific, measurable, documented objectives), Strategy Setting (corporate-level strategies and planning), and Strategy Implementation (using leadership, organizational structure, information and control systems, technology, and human resources).

    • The mission is a unit's ongoing purpose.

    • Environmental analysis (SWOT) is evaluating internal strengths and weaknesses and external threats and opportunities.

    • Objectives are desired outcomes of activities, and should be written, measurable, specific as to time, and challenging yet attainable.

    • Two strategic options are: Lowest-cost strategy (becoming lowest-cost producer) and Differentiation strategy (creating unique products).

    • Human Resource Planning (Workforce Planning) is matching internal and external candidates with anticipated job openings.

    • The Human Resource Planning Process involves these steps:

      • Forecasting human resource requirements (demand = supply)
      • Comparing requirements and availability (surplus vs. shortage)
      • Forecasting human resource availability (surplus or shortage)
      • Responding to surplus and shortages (restricted hiring, reduced hours, etc.)
    • A requirements forecast determines the number, skills, and locations of employees needed to meet future goals.

    • Techniques for forecasting human resource requirements include zero-base forecasts, bottom-up forecasts, and relationships between sales volume and worker numbers.

    • An availability forecast determines if a company can fill future employee needs (identifying skills and sources).

    • Handling a worker shortage may involve innovative recruiting, incentives, training, or modified selection standards.

    • Worker surpluses may involve strategies to avoid layoffs, such as restricted hiring, early retirement, and modifying work hours.

    • Job analysis is the systematic process for determining the skills, duties, and knowledge needed for tasks.

    • Job analysis happens during company formation, new job creation, or significant job changes.

    • Job analysis should answer questions about tasks, timeframes, locations, how and why jobs are done, and worker qualifications.

    • A job consists of tasks performed to achieve an organization's goals (from one person to many).

    • A position is a collection of tasks/responsibilities.

    • Job Description provides information on tasks, duties, and responsibilities, while Job Specification details minimum qualifications.

    • Reasons for conducting job analysis include impacting every aspect of HR practice: staffing, training, performance appraisal, compensation, safety, health, employee relations, and legal issues.

    • Job analysis information includes duties and responsibilities, worker-oriented activities, machines, tools, equipment, personal requirements (experience), job standards, work schedules, financial and nonfinancial compensation, working conditions.

    • Methods for job analysis include questionnaires, observation, interviews, employee recording, and combinations of these methods.

    • Questionnaire methods are quick and cost-effective but employees could lack verbal skills or exaggerate tasks. Observations are effective, but may be insufficient if dealing with mental tasks. Interviews use both employee and supervisor. Employee recording (diaries) is helpful for specialized jobs, but exaggeration of job importance is a concern. Combining methods ensures more complete data.

    • Conducting job analysis requires the employee and their immediate supervisor.

    • Job descriptions contain tasks, duties, responsibilities, relevant accuracy, and may include major duties, time-proportions tasks, working conditions, hazard potential, staff numbers, reporting hierarchy, and tools/equipment.

    • Job specification provides minimum, not optimal, qualifications for the job

    • Inflation of job specifications could eliminate minorities or women and raise compensation costs, along with potentially extending vacancy periods.

    • The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) provides job descriptions for over 800 U.S. occupations. It replaces previous systems.

    • The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) is a comprehensive, government-developed database of worker attributes and job characteristics.

    • Succession planning ensures qualified personnel to replace vacant managerial positions—it aims for smooth transitions and efficiency. Small businesses also need succession planning, and few (only 10%) survive to the third generation.

    • Competency modeling defines all needed competencies for success in a group of jobs. Job analysis is important for legal issues such as complying with the Fair Labor Standards Act, Equal Pay Act, Civil Rights Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, and Americans with Disabilities Act.

    • Job design involves deciding specific tasks, the methods, and how the job relates to others in the organization.

    • Job enrichment changes job responsibility, providing greater challenges.

    • Job enlargement enhances the scope of tasks, ensuring variety.

    • Job rotation moves employees between jobs to widen experience and support against key employee loss.

    • Reengineering radically redesigns business processes to improve cost, quality, service, and speed.

    • Global talent management strategically optimizes human capital utilization to drive short-term and long-term success by building culture, engagement, capability, and capacity through integrated talent acquisition, development and deployment aligned with business goals.

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    Description

    This quiz explores Chapter 4, focusing on strategic planning, human resource planning, and job analysis. It outlines key concepts like forecasting human resource needs, addressing shortages, and succession planning. Assess your understanding of these critical HR processes and the steps involved in strategic implementation.

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