Human Resource Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the advantages of e-recruiting?

  • Higher recruiting costs
  • Increased risk of cyberattacks
  • Real-time tracking of results (correct)
  • Reduced candidate pool size

Which factor contributes to the increased need for efficient hiring and retaining employees?

  • Stable economic conditions with no significant booms or slowdowns
  • Increased organizational costs due to global competition (correct)
  • Technological stagnation and minimal advancements
  • Decreasing global competition

What is a major challenge associated with e-recruiting?

  • Increased risk of identity theft through cyberattacks (correct)
  • Inability to track application progress
  • Higher cost compared to traditional recruitment methods
  • Limited access to diverse candidates

What is the primary focus of strategic staffing practices in the context of global competition?

<p>Ensuring competitiveness in both domestic and international markets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the recruitment process in the public sector?

<p>Highly formalized and guided by negotiated processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the economic climate affect recruitment practices?

<p>During economic booms, companies may become less selective in hiring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic shift is impacting the workforce?

<p>An aging workforce with more people aged 55-64 than those 15-24 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for HR in addressing the changing workforce demographics?

<p>Adopting policies to foster inclusion and diversity in the workplace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for companies during economic slowdowns?

<p>Focusing on retention and selective hiring due to job cutbacks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key implication of rapid technological advances for recruitment?

<p>Impacting recruitment through e-recruiting and internet-based hiring platforms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is using a selection test to measure a candidate's intelligence. Which type of validity is most relevant for evaluating the test?

<p>Construct validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company wants to determine if a new customer service skills test is a good predictor of actual job performance. What type of validity should they focus on?

<p>Predictive validity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'validity' refer to in the context of selection methods?

<p>The degree to which a test accurately measures the specific KSAOs it is designed to assess. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity is primarily concerned with the test takers' perception of the test's relevance to the job?

<p>Face validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in establishing the validity of psychological measures?

<p>The influence of factors unrelated to the trait being measured, potentially distorting the results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a 'construct' as described in the content?

<p>The psychological trait of 'leadership' as it relates to employee motivation and performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is using a personality test to assess potential employees. They want to be sure the test measures personality traits and not intelligence. What type of validity is most important here?

<p>Construct validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company is using a selection method that only assesses customer service skills, and these skills are not sufficient to perform the job effectively, which type of validity is most likely being compromised?

<p>Construct validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'content validity' in selection methods primarily assess?

<p>Whether the test items are relevant to the specific content or subject matter being measured. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity focuses on the relationship between a test score and an observable outcome, such as job performance?

<p>Criterion-related validity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of content validity?

<p>The use of standardized tests and scoring procedures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company wants to determine if a new test for sales aptitude is a good predictor of future sales success. Which type of validity should they focus on?

<p>Predictive validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a company is assessing candidates for a customer service representative position. They decide to include a role-play scenario involving a customer complaint. What type of validity is this strategy primarily associated with?

<p>Content validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is establishing validity particularly challenging for psychological measures?

<p>The difficulty in controlling external factors that can influence test results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity is NOT directly concerned with measuring or predicting actual job performance?

<p>Face validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these would be considered a 'variable' in the context of the content provided?

<p>The level of motivation an employee demonstrates in their work. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does BFOR stand for in the context of employment requirements?

<p>Bona Fide Occupational Requirement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes reasonable accommodation?

<p>Adjusting hiring practices to provide equal opportunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hiring practices, what is meant by individual accommodation?

<p>Assessing each case based on its unique circumstances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must employers prove regarding sufficient risk in hiring decisions related to disabilities?

<p>That the disability poses a real and significant safety risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does effective communication play in non-discriminatory recruitment?

<p>It ensures outreach to target group members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for recruitment programs to meet human rights standards?

<p>Empirical evidence to support recruitment practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of legal requirements for recruitment, why is monitoring critical?

<p>To ensure procedures do not cause discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should HR professionals approach the implementation of recruitment systems?

<p>By integrating research with practical applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for employers to collect, use, and disclose personal information according to Canadian privacy law?

<p>Employers must obtain a warrant from a judge to collect, use, and disclose personal information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can support a reasonable expectation of privacy in the workplace?

<p>An employer's policy that explicitly allows employees to use workplace computers for personal use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key legal concept in recruitment and selection?

<p>Affirmative Action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which case supports the idea that age cannot always be considered a BFOR?

<p>Dunlop and Harold v. Etobicoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which case highlights the importance of an employer to provide reasonable accommodation?

<p>O’Malley v. Sears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a BFOR?

<p>Requiring all firefighters to be able to lift 100 pounds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism for federally unionized workers to address complaints about unfair assessment of qualifications during the recruitment and selection process?

<p>The Parliamentary Employment and Staff Relations Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of direct discrimination?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue in the Meiorin case?

<p>The female firefighter failed an aerobic fitness test. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court find regarding the aerobic fitness test in the Meiorin case?

<p>It was discriminatory under Section 15 of the Charter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test must an employer satisfy to justify employment standards that may disadvantage certain groups?

<p>Unified Discrimination Test. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the BFOR test requirements?

<p>Intent to harm underrepresented groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the point of undue hardship for employers?

<p>They are expected to accommodate only to the extent that safety and effectiveness are maintained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Meiorin case, which aspect did the BC government fail to fulfill?

<p>Demonstrating reasonable necessity and accommodation without undue hardship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reasonable accommodation in employment?

<p>To adjust practices so individuals are not disadvantaged due to prohibited grounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a key consideration for employers regarding accommodation?

<p>Efficiency and effectiveness in the workplace. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must employers demonstrate under the Unified Discrimination Test?

<p>That the standard is necessary and cannot be accommodated without undue hardship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it’s supposed to measure.

Construct

Concepts constructed to explain relationships between observations.

Variable

How someone/something varies on a construct of interest.

Content Validity

Whether test items match the subject matter intended to be measured.

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Construct Validity

The degree to which a test measures the theoretical construct it's designed to measure.

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KSAOs

Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics relevant to job performance.

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Challenges in Validity

Difficulties in demonstrating validity of psychological measures due to abstract constructs.

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Example of Measurement Issues

Height may be reliable but doesn’t predict cognitive ability.

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Criterion-related Validity

The relationship between a predictor test score and an outcome measure; correlates predictor with performance.

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Face Validity

How relevant test takers perceive the test content to be for its purpose.

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Predictive Validation

Correlation between pre-hire predictor scores and post-hire performance scores.

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Selection Tool

A method used to assess or evaluate candidates during the hiring process.

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Job Performance

The effectiveness and efficiency of an employee in their assigned tasks and duties.

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Theoretical Construct

An abstract concept that is intentionally measured by research or testing methods.

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Multiple Sources of Evidence

Using various data points to support the validity of a test or assessment method.

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Diversity in Hiring

Hiring practices that include women, minorities, Aboriginal peoples, and people with disabilities.

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Strategic Staffing

Planning in staffing to create legally defensible recruitment & selection systems.

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Global Competition

The competition among companies worldwide, emphasizing efficiency and innovation.

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Economic Boom

Increased economic activity leads to prioritization of recruitment due to labor shortages.

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Economic Slowdown

Reduced jobs and hiring leads to focus on retention and selective hiring.

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E-Recruiting Benefits

Advantages of online recruitment, such as larger candidate pools and lower costs.

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E-Recruiting Challenges

Issues in online recruitment, including data security and privacy concerns.

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Changing Workforce Demographics

Shift in workforce age and diversity requiring policy adaptation in hiring.

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Public Sector Recruitment

Formalized hiring processes in government jobs adhering to professional standards.

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Private Sector Recruitment

Varied recruitment approaches based on organization size, often informal in small businesses.

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Employment Standards

Regulations governing conditions such as age, wages, and holidays.

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Privacy Law

Regulates collection and use of personal information by employers.

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PIPEDA

Federal law requiring consent for personal data handling.

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Reasonable Expectation of Privacy

Belief that personal information is protected in the workplace.

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BFOR

Bona fide occupational requirement necessary for a job.

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Dunlop and Harold v. Etobicoke

Case where age discrimination was claimed by older firefighters.

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O’Malley v. Sears

Case resulting from discrimination over religious accommodation in work schedules.

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CN Rail v. Bhinder

Case where a turban-wearing employee's dismissal was upheld as a BFOR.

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Meiorin Case

A legal case involving a female firefighter dismissed for failing a fitness test, claimed sex discrimination.

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Unified Discrimination Test

Legal standard established for bona fide occupational requirements (BFOR) following the Meiorin Case.

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Bona Fide Occupational Requirement (BFOR)

A valid reason for discrimination in employment practices, if necessary for the job.

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BFOR Test Requirements

Three conditions to justify a BFOR: rational connection, good faith, and reasonable necessity.

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Rational Connection

The standard must be logically linked to the job's purpose and performance.

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Good Faith

Employer's genuine belief that a standard is necessary, without intent to discriminate.

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Reasonable Accommodation

Adjustments made in the workplace to prevent discrimination or disadvantage.

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Duty to Accommodate

Employers' obligation to adjust practices unless it causes undue hardship.

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Undue Hardship

The point beyond which accommodating an individual is excessively difficult or costly for employers.

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Impact of Meiorin Case

Shifted the burden onto employers to justify employment standards affecting certain groups.

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Tribunal Ruling

A decision that Coast Guard's test wasn't a bona fide occupational requirement.

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Individual Accommodation

Assessing cases on a personal basis instead of uniform standards.

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Reasonable Alternative

Employers must look for fair and effective assessment options.

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Sufficient Risk

A requirement for employers to prove that a disability poses a significant safety risk.

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Effective Communication

Key to successful outreach to target recruitment groups.

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Legal Compliance

Ensuring recruitment programs meet human rights and employment equity standards.

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HR Practices

Recruitment and selection methods must be evidence-based for legal defense.

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Study Notes

General Recruitment and Selection

  • Hiring is crucial for organizational success
  • Poor hires can cost 5x the salary of the employee
  • Signs of poor hires include lack of skills, excessive complaints, conflict with coworkers, missed deadlines, poor work quality, attendance issues, low morale, underperformance, and unhappiness.

Recruitment and Selection Best Practices

  • Supported by empirical evidence and scientific methods
  • Compliance with legal and professional standards is essential.
  • Fair and non-discriminatory practices are important
  • Aligning with organizational goals and strategic planning is fundamental.

Talent Management

  • Recruitment and selection create and manage talent
  • Companies commit to hiring, retaining, and growing talent
  • HRIS (HR Information Systems): Computer systems track employee data, needs of HR and requirements for positions.

Recruitment and Selection as Strategic Objectives

  • Aligning recruitment/selection with strategic goals is crucial
  • Defining talent needs, considering diversity, and ongoing talent management are vital.
  • Analyzing external factors (technology, laws, and social trends) is essential, as well as competition
  • Constitutional Law: Equal rights for all individuals and equal application of the law to all members of society. Prohibits discrimination based on characteristics like race, religion, sex, disability, and age.
  • Human Rights Legislation: Protects individuals from discrimination, outlining prohibited grounds that are common across Canadian jurisdictions.
  • Employment Equity Legislation: Addresses discrimination and aims to ensure that protected groups have equal access to job opportunities.

Reliability and Validity

  • Reliability: Consistently measuring the same thing each time.
  • Validity: Measuring what is intended to be measured.
  • Measurement error is the difference between an observed score and a true score.
  • Factors affecting validity include range restriction, statistical corrections and measurement errors.

Ethical Considerations

  • Ethical considerations: standards of appropriate conduct in a profession, ensuring fairness, and avoiding biased perceptions of hiring.
  • Professional Standards: provide guidance on appropriate conduct, emphasizing the protection of individuals.
  • Ethical issues in employment testing: appropriate use of employment tests emphasizing the protection and well-being of test-takers.

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