Human Resource Management Overview

Study Notes

Human Resource Management

Human Resource Management (HRM) focuses on strategic management of an organization's workforce, encompassing recruitment, hiring, training, performance appraisal, and employee relations.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces federal laws against employment discrimination.
Affirmative Action aims to promote equal opportunities by addressing historical inequalities and ensuring access to employment for underrepresented groups.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities.
Human Resource Planning involves assessing current and forecasting future HR needs, identifying gaps, developing strategies, and implementing/monitoring the plan.
Recruiting challenges include high competition, skill shortages, geographic limitations, and unrealistic expectations.
The Selection Process involves job analysis, sourcing candidates, screening applications, interviewing, reference checks, and offering employment.
Contingent Workers are non-permanent employees (freelancers, part-time workers) providing flexibility and cost savings.
Training techniques include on-the-job training, mentorship, e-learning, and simulation training.
Performance Appraisals aim to evaluate performance, provide feedback, and inform decisions regarding promotions, compensation, and training needs.
Performance Appraisal steps: establishing standards, communicating expectations, measuring performance, comparing to standards, discussing results, and taking actions based on findings.
Alternative Compensation techniques: profit sharing, stock options, bonuses, commission-based pay, and non-monetary benefits.
Profit Sharing encourages employee engagement, aligns interests with company performance, and enhances job satisfaction.
Flextime and work from home offer work-life balance and reduced commuting time but can pose communication and team cohesion challenges.

Management Concepts

Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.
Management Functions: Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Goals are broad intentions, while objectives are specific, measurable actions to achieve those goals.
SWOT Analysis stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and is used to analyze a company's internal and external environments.
Types of Planning: Strategic (long-term goals), Tactical (short-term actions), and Operational (day-to-day tasks).
**Decision Making (The 6 Ds): ** Define the problem, determine criteria, develop alternatives, analyze alternatives, decide, and do.
Control Process: Setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing to standards, analyzing deviations, and taking corrective action.
Line Personnel directly contribute to the core business functions, while Staff Personnel provide support services.
Leadership Styles: Autocratic (authoritarian), Democratic (collaborative), and Laissez-Faire (hands-off).
Organizational Structures: Functional (by department), Divisional (by product line), and Matrix (combination).
Organizational Culture: Shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that influence employee behaviour.
Motivation Theories: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Expectancy Theory.
Communication (Vertical, Horizontal, & Diagonal): How information flows within an organization.
Teamwork: The collaborative effort of individuals to achieve a common goal.
Conflict Management: Resolving disagreements between individuals or groups effectively.
Change Management: Guiding organizations and individuals through transitions.

Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of Human Resource Management (HRM), including key legislation like the Civil Rights Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. It also examines concepts such as affirmative action and human resource planning. Test your knowledge on strategies for effective workforce management.