Human Reproductive Biology Quiz

Gamete Production and Development

• Gametes (egg and sperm) are produced by gonads.
• Egg and sperm cells each have 23 chromosomes.
• A zygote with the genotype "yo" will die.
• A zygote with the genotype "XO" will develop into a female with Turner syndrome.

Menstrual Cycle

• The average length of the menstrual cycle is 28 days.
• During meiosis, the chromosome number is halved during the first meiotic division.
• Mitotic division in germ cells varies by gender.
• Meiosis of one cell produces four gametes in males, one in females.
• Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
• Interstitial cells produce androgens.
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in males initiates sperm production in the testes.
• The cervix is the neck of the uterus.
• A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) mid-cycle triggers ovulation.
• The corpus luteum primarily secretes progesterone.
• Menstruation is triggered by a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.
• The proliferative phase occurs during days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle.
• The secretory phase occurs during days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle.

Embryo Formation and Pregnancy

• The embryo develops from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the basis for pregnancy tests.

Ovarian Cycle

• In the follicular phase, the ovary matures a follicle.

Hormonal Regulation and Sterility

• A boy who, after puberty, has insufficient FSH release but normal LH release, will likely be infertile.
• Daily testosterone injections (anabolic steroids) in a bodybuilder will lead to decreased LH, GnRH, and FSH levels after three weeks, along with increased sex drive.

Ovary Removal in Females

• Removal of the ovaries in a healthy 20-year-old female will result in increased blood levels of GnRH, LH, and FSH, and cessation of menstruation.