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Questions and Answers
What is the term for implantation somewhere other than the upper portion of the uterus?
What is the term for implantation somewhere other than the upper portion of the uterus?
What is the consequence of rupture in ectopic pregnancy?
What is the consequence of rupture in ectopic pregnancy?
What is the term for implantation in the upper portion of the uterus?
What is the term for implantation in the upper portion of the uterus?
Where does tubal pregnancy occur?
Where does tubal pregnancy occur?
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What is the term for implantation in the fallopian tubes?
What is the term for implantation in the fallopian tubes?
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What is the location of ectopic implantation?
What is the location of ectopic implantation?
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What is a complication of ectopic pregnancy?
What is a complication of ectopic pregnancy?
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What is the term for the process of implantation in the uterus?
What is the term for the process of implantation in the uterus?
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What is the term for a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus?
What is the term for a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus?
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What is the consequence of untreated ectopic pregnancy?
What is the consequence of untreated ectopic pregnancy?
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Study Notes
Semen Content and Composition
- Semen content: citric acid, free amino acids, fructose, enzymes, prostaglandin, potassium, and zinc
- 45-60% of the fluid is from seminal vesicles
- 13-33% is from the prostate gland
- 5% is from the testicles and epididymis
Follicle Maturation and Ovulation
- Oocytes: ~2 million at birth, ~40,000 at puberty, and ~400 ovulated over a lifetime
- Leutinizing Hormone surge from the pituitary gland causes changes in tissues
- Follicle maturation: swelling within the follicle due to increased hyaluronan
- Matrix metalloproteinases degrade surrounding tissue, leading to follicle rupture
Egg Release and Fertilization
- Egg and surrounding cells (corona radiata) are ejected into the peritoneum
- Corona radiata provides bulk to facilitate capture of the egg
- Acrosome reaction: sperm bind to ZP proteins in the zona pellucida, initiating the release of enzymes
- Enzymes from the sperm allow it to burrow through the zona pellucida
- Cortical reaction: prevents other sperm from fertilizing the egg (polyspermy)
Fertilization and Meiosis II
- Fertilization: fusion of male and female gametes
- Meiosis II complete: formation of male and female pronuclei
- Decondensation of male chromosomes
- Fusion of pronuclei: zygote formation
Week 1 Embryonic Development
- Day 1: fertilization
- Day 2-3: cleavage
- Day 3: compaction
- Day 4: formation of blastocyst
- Day 6: implantation
Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation
- Cleavage: cell division without growth, resulting in multiple smaller cells
- Goals: grow zygote to multicellular embryo
- Formation of the blastocyst: sodium channels appear on the surface of the outer trophoblast cells, pumping sodium and water into the forming blastocoele
Implantation
- Ectopic implantation: implantation in a location other than the upper portion of the uterus
- Implantation "rupture" can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage
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Description
This quiz covers the composition of semen, its origin from different glands, and the process of follicle maturation and ovulation in the human reproductive system.
