Human Reproductive Biology

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What is the total number of chromosomes in a zygote formed by the combination of a sperm cell and an oocyte?

47
46 (correct)
92
23

What is the primary function of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

To produce sperm
To control sperm production and create the blood-testes barrier (correct)
To regulate body temperature
To develop the tunica albuginea

What is the purpose of the dartos and cremaster muscles in the scrotum?

To contract and pull the testes up closer to the body to keep them warm (correct)
To regulate the development of the tunica albuginea
To produce sperm
To release sperm through a duct system

What is the number of lobules in each testis?

300-400 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the testes are located in the scrotum?

To maintain a temperature slightly below normal body temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the blood-testes barrier created by the Sertoli cells?

To keep blood-borne substances away from the germ cells and prevent autoimmune responses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the microorganisms present in the vagina?

To protect from pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of an ovarian cycle?

28 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which follicles die during the ovarian cycle?

Atresia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?

To produce progesterone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cilia in the uterine tubes?

To create a current for the oocyte to travel to the uterus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first day of menstruation?

Menses phase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterus during the secretory phase?

To support the growing embryo (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of pelvic inflammatory disease?

Infection of the uterine tubes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the ovum and sperm cell combine to form a zygote?

Fertilization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother only?

Because the ovum has a lot of cytoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in the midpiece of a sperm cell?

To generate ATP to power the flagellum (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of spermatogenesis do the cells undergo meiosis to halve the number of chromosomes?

Spermatocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of one cycle of sperm cell development?

64 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum prior to birth?

Cryptorchidism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of semen, making up approximately 60% of its volume?

Seminal vesicle fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitric oxide in the process of erection?

To relax muscles and allow blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone testosterone in the male reproductive system?

To maintain sex drive and secondary sex characteristics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the clitoris in the female reproductive system?

From the same cells as the glans penis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ductus deferens in the male reproductive system?

To transport sperm cells during ejaculation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

To lubricate the urethra and clean away urine residue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if there is no pregnancy within 10-12 days?

It degrades, causing progesterone levels to decrease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mammary glands in the female reproductive system?

Producing milk or colostrum through lactation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of hormonal birth control?

Creating a constant negative feedback loop for FSH and LH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for puberty in females, characterized by breast development and a growth spurt?

Age 9-11 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the development of the male reproductive system?

The presence of the Y chromosome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of poor nutrition, leading to an increase in body fat, on the onset of puberty?

It accelerates puberty in both males and females, with a more pronounced effect in females (C) Signup and view all the answers