Questions and Answers
What is produced by interstitial cells in the testes?
The lumen of the seminiferous tubule is where sperm are created.
True
At what stage of development do the testes typically begin to descend?
around 3 months
The __________ connects the testes to the abdominal cavity during development.
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Match the possible abnormal locations of the testicles with their descriptions:
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What is the primary function of the epididymis?
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The ductus deferens transports sperm from the ejaculatory duct to the epididymis.
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What procedure is performed to prevent the transportation of sperm?
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The __________ extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis.
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Match the part of the male reproductive system with its function:
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What is the approximate size of each testis?
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The tunica albuginea is a muscle that surrounds each testis.
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What structure functions as the sperm-forming factory?
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Each lobule of the testes contains one to four __________.
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Match the following parts of the male reproductive system with their functions:
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What is the primary function of the bulbourethral gland?
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The sperm cells are the only human cells that have a tail.
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What mixture is formed by sperm cells and accessory gland secretions?
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Fructose provides ______ for sperm cells.
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Match the following structures with their functions:
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What is the primary function of an erection?
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Blood flow during sexual excitement causes the penis to shrink.
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What term describes the event when the penis becomes enlarged and rigid?
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During sexual excitement, blood flows into the penis causing it to become __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What are the primary reproductive glands in males and females?
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Oocytes are the male gametes produced in human reproduction.
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What are the gametes produced by the male parent called?
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The natural process of reproduction is referred to as ______.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
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What is the primary function of the scrotum?
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The shaft, glans penis, and prepuce are regions of the penis.
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What temperature does the scrotum maintain for the testes?
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The prepuce is often removed by __________.
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Match the parts of the penis with their descriptions:
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What percentage of semen is produced by seminal vesicles?
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The prostatic urethra is surrounded by the bulbourethral glands.
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What is the main function of the prostate gland?
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The spongy urethra runs the length of the _____
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Match the following organs with their functions:
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Study Notes
Gonads
- Primary reproductive glands responsible for producing gametes and hormones.
- Males have testes; females have ovaries.
Gametes
- Spermatozoa: Male reproductive cells produced by testes.
- Oocytes (ova): Female reproductive cells produced by ovaries.
The Reproductive System
- Composed of gonads, duct systems, accessory organs, and external genitalia.
Male Reproductive System Parts
- Divided into testes, duct system, accessory organs, and external genitalia.
Testes
- Size: Approximately 4cm long and 2.5cm wide.
- Surrounded by a fibrous capsule called tunica albuginea.
- Internally subdivided into lobules by extensions called septa.
- Each lobule houses seminiferous tubules for sperm production.
Seminiferous Tubules
- Tightly coiled structures functioning as sperm production sites.
- Sperm is collected in the rete testis before moving to the epididymis.
Sperm Travel and Testicle Development
- Sperm travels from rete testis to the epididymis for maturation.
- Interstitial cells produce androgens like testosterone.
- Testes typically descend during embryonic development around the third month.
Male Reproductive System Abnormalities
- Possible abnormal testicle locations include the pelvic cavity, inguinal canal, and upper scrotum.
- Factors affecting testes descent: genetics, maternal health, environmental factors.
Epididymis
- Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tube located atop the testis.
- Functions to mature and store sperm for at least 20 days.
- Sperm is expelled into the vas deferens via muscle contractions.
Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
- Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
- Uses peristalsis to move sperm and passes through the inguinal canal and over the bladder.
- Spermatic cord includes the ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves.
- A vasectomy involves cutting the ductus deferens to interrupt sperm transportation.
Urethra
- Extends from urinary bladder base to the tip of the penis.
- Carries urine and sperm; sperm enters through the ejaculatory duct.
Regions of the Urethra
- Prostatic urethra: Surrounded by prostate.
- Membranous urethra: Connects prostatic to penile urethra.
- Spongy (penile) urethra: Runs the length of the penis.
Accessory Organs
- Includes seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
Seminal Vesicles
- Located at the base of the bladder; produce 60% of semen.
- Secretes fructose, vitamin C, and prostaglandins to nourish sperm.
Prostate Gland
- Surrounds the upper urethra and secretes a milky fluid to activate sperm.
Bulbourethral Gland
- Produces thick mucus to cleanse urine from the urethra.
- Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse.
Semen
- Composed of sperm cells and accessory gland secretions.
- Accessory gland secretions provide energy, neutralize acidity, inhibit bacteria, and enhance sperm motility.
Sperm Cell Structure
- Features include flagellated tail, head with DNA, mitochondria for energy, and acrosome to penetrate the egg.
External Genitalia
- Comprised of the penis and scrotum.
Scrotum
- Divided skin sac that maintains testes' temperature 3°C lower than body temperature for viable sperm production.
Penis
- Functions to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract.
- Composed of shaft and glans penis (enlarged tip); covered by foreskin (prepuce).
- Designed to deliver sperm effectively, aided by erectile tissue for erection during sexual arousal.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the basics of human reproduction, focusing on gonads and gametes. This quiz will cover the roles of testes and ovaries as well as the types of gametes produced by each gender. Dive into the intricacies of the reproductive system and enhance your understanding of human biology.