63 Questions
What is the first step in the process of conception?
Release of a healthy ovum from the ovary
Where does fertilization take place in the female reproductive system?
Outermost portion of the fallopian tube
How long does it take for the entire process of conception, including fertilization, to occur?
About 5 hours
What initiates pregnancy?
Penetration of the ovum's thick outer membrane by a spermatozoon
Why is it important for nurses to have a basic understanding of conception and prenatal development?
To identify problems or variations and initiate appropriate interventions
What is the main role of nurses in genetic counseling during prenatal development?
Provide information on hereditary influences on fetal development
How is fetal development during pregnancy measured?
In number of weeks after fertilization
During which stage of pregnancy do major organs and structures begin to emerge?
Embryonic stage
Where does fertilization typically occur?
Fallopian tube
What is formed when the morula reaches the uterine cavity?
Blastocyst
Where does implantation of the blastocyst occur?
Upper uterus (fundus)
What term is used for the process of attachment and placental formation?
Implantation
Which cell layer forms the central nervous system, special senses, skin, and glands?
Ectoderm
What do the three embryonic layers give rise to?
Organs and organ systems
What is the starting point of pregnancy?
Fertilization
What is formed from the outer layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst cavity?
Trophoblast
During which week does fertilization typically occur in a 28-day cycle?
Second week
Where does mitosis or cleavage of the zygote occur?
Fallopian tube
What happens to the morula as fluid enters from the uterine cavity?
It becomes a blastocyst
When does the fetal stage of development begin?
At the end of the eighth week after conception
What is the main function of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
To maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus
Which hormone preserves the corpus luteum and its progesterone production during pregnancy?
Chorionic gonadotropin (CG)
What is the source of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
Fluid transported from the maternal blood across the amnion
What is the composition of amniotic fluid?
98% water, 2% organic matter
What can alterations in amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy be associated with?
Maternal diabetes
What is hydramnios associated with?
Premature rupture of membranes
How does the placenta act during pregnancy?
As a pass-through between the mother and fetus
What term describes substances that cause birth defects during pregnancy?
Teratogens
What is the main function of human placental lactogen (hPL) during pregnancy?
Modulating fetal and maternal metabolism
What happens to fetal circulation after birth?
It becomes similar to adult circulation
What is the average duration of pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period?
280 days
During which stage of pregnancy do major organs and structures begin to emerge?
Embryonic stage
When does fertilization typically occur in a 28-day cycle?
2 weeks after the last menstrual period
What is formed when the zygote is slowly transported into the uterine cavity by tubal muscular movements?
Morula
What is the starting point of pregnancy?
Fertilization
During which week does the morula reach the uterine cavity after fertilization?
72nd week
What is the process of attachment and placental formation called?
Implantation
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
$1^{st}$ third of the ampulla of the fallopian tube
What is formed from the outer layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst cavity?
Chorion
What happens to fetal circulation after birth?
It reverses direction
What is hydramnios associated with?
High amniotic fluid levels
What initiates pregnancy?
Fertilization
During which stage of prenatal development are all major body organs and main external features completed?
Embryonic stage
What is the source of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
Maternal blood transported across the amnion
What is the term used for too little amniotic fluid at term, associated with maternal diabetes, neural tube defects, and malformations of the central nervous system and/or gastrointestinal tract?
Oligohydramnios
Which hormone preserves the corpus luteum and its progesterone production to maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus during pregnancy?
Chorionic gonadotropin (CG)
What does the placenta act as during pregnancy?
A hormone factory and a transfer organ
What is the main function of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
To cushion the fetus from trauma
When does the fetal stage of development begin?
At the end of the eighth week after conception
What term is used for substances that cause birth defects during pregnancy?
Teratogens
What happens to fetal circulation after birth?
It becomes similar to adult circulation
What initiates pregnancy?
Fertilization of the ovum by sperm
What is formed from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst?
Embryo and amnion
What is the first step in conception?
Release of the ovum from the ovary
Where does fertilization typically take place in the female reproductive system?
Fallopian tube
What happens to fetal circulation after birth?
It undergoes significant changes
When does the fetal stage of development begin?
After implantation of the blastocyst
What is the main function of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
To protect the fetus from infections
What is formed from the outer layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst cavity?
Chorion
Where does mitosis or cleavage of the zygote occur?
In the fallopian tube
What can alterations in amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy be associated with?
Respiratory distress syndrome in the fetus
What is hydramnios associated with?
Excessive amniotic fluid accumulation
What term describes substances that cause birth defects during pregnancy?
Teratogens
Test your knowledge of human reproduction with this introductory quiz. Explore the process of conception, pregnancy, and fetal development.
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