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What are the primary reproductive organs in males?
What are the primary reproductive organs in males?
Testes
What is the name of the protective sac of skin that holds the testes?
What is the name of the protective sac of skin that holds the testes?
Scrotum
What is the process called where sperm cells are produced in the seminiferous tubules?
What is the process called where sperm cells are produced in the seminiferous tubules?
Meiosis
Which of the following hormones stimulates sperm production in the seminiferous tubules?
Which of the following hormones stimulates sperm production in the seminiferous tubules?
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What is the long coiled tube where sperm cells mature until they can swim and move?
What is the long coiled tube where sperm cells mature until they can swim and move?
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What are the three parts of a human sperm cell?
What are the three parts of a human sperm cell?
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What is the cap on the head of a sperm cell called, which stores enzymes needed to penetrate an egg cell?
What is the cap on the head of a sperm cell called, which stores enzymes needed to penetrate an egg cell?
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What is the name of the fluid that nourishes sperm cells and is produced by the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands?
What is the name of the fluid that nourishes sperm cells and is produced by the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands?
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What is the male organ that deposits sperm into the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse?
What is the male organ that deposits sperm into the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse?
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What are the female reproductive structures that produce eggs?
What are the female reproductive structures that produce eggs?
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What is the name of the hormone that triggers the development of secondary female characteristics and stimulates egg development?
What is the name of the hormone that triggers the development of secondary female characteristics and stimulates egg development?
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What is the term used to describe the onset of mature egg cell production in females, typically occurring at ages 11 to 14?
What is the term used to describe the onset of mature egg cell production in females, typically occurring at ages 11 to 14?
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How often does a normal adult female release a mature egg cell, known as a female gamete?
How often does a normal adult female release a mature egg cell, known as a female gamete?
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What is the period called when the female reproductive system nourishes and protects the fertilized egg for nine months?
What is the period called when the female reproductive system nourishes and protects the fertilized egg for nine months?
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How many egg cells are females born with?
How many egg cells are females born with?
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What is the phase of the ovarian cycle where egg cells mature within follicles called?
What is the phase of the ovarian cycle where egg cells mature within follicles called?
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What happens when the follicle bursts?
What happens when the follicle bursts?
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What is the phase of the ovarian cycle that begins after ovulation called?
What is the phase of the ovarian cycle that begins after ovulation called?
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What is the name of the sex hormone that signals the body to prepare for fertilization?
What is the name of the sex hormone that signals the body to prepare for fertilization?
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How long does the normal menstrual cycle last?
How long does the normal menstrual cycle last?
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What two hormones cause the lining of the uterus to thicken prior to and after ovulation?
What two hormones cause the lining of the uterus to thicken prior to and after ovulation?
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When does the menstrual cycle end?
When does the menstrual cycle end?
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What stage do women transition to when the production of estrogen and progesterone declines around their mid-40s?
What stage do women transition to when the production of estrogen and progesterone declines around their mid-40s?
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What is the term used to describe the process where sperm are deposited into the vagina and move through the uterus into the fallopian tubes?
What is the term used to describe the process where sperm are deposited into the vagina and move through the uterus into the fallopian tubes?
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What is the name of the protective membrane that forms around the embryo during the third week of pregnancy?
What is the name of the protective membrane that forms around the embryo during the third week of pregnancy?
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What stage of development is the developing child from implantation of the zygote to the first two months of pregnancy called?
What stage of development is the developing child from implantation of the zygote to the first two months of pregnancy called?
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What is the name of the organ that forms from a part of the uterine wall and connects to the embryo through an umbilical cord?
What is the name of the organ that forms from a part of the uterine wall and connects to the embryo through an umbilical cord?
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What is the term used to describe the inability of a couple to conceive a child after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse?
What is the term used to describe the inability of a couple to conceive a child after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse?
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What is the term used to describe the inability to produce a live child?
What is the term used to describe the inability to produce a live child?
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What is the name of the common hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age and is associated with small follicle cysts on the ovaries?
What is the name of the common hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age and is associated with small follicle cysts on the ovaries?
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What does ART stand for in the context of assisted reproductive technologies?
What does ART stand for in the context of assisted reproductive technologies?
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What is the name of the ART technique where sperm is collected from a male donor and inseminated into a female partner?
What is the name of the ART technique where sperm is collected from a male donor and inseminated into a female partner?
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In what ART technique are immature eggs developed and nurtured in a glass container before being fertilized with concentrated sperm cells?
In what ART technique are immature eggs developed and nurtured in a glass container before being fertilized with concentrated sperm cells?
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What ART technique involves a single sperm cell being injected into a matured egg, followed by the transfer of embryos to the uterus?
What ART technique involves a single sperm cell being injected into a matured egg, followed by the transfer of embryos to the uterus?
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What ART technique involves collecting multiple eggs and placing them in a thin flexible tube with sperm for fertilization, which is then injected into the fallopian tube through laparoscopy?
What ART technique involves collecting multiple eggs and placing them in a thin flexible tube with sperm for fertilization, which is then injected into the fallopian tube through laparoscopy?
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What ART technique combines aspects of IVF and GIFT, involving the fertilization of eggs in a laboratory and the transfer of the fertilized zygote to the fallopian tube?
What ART technique combines aspects of IVF and GIFT, involving the fertilization of eggs in a laboratory and the transfer of the fertilized zygote to the fallopian tube?
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Generic engineering poses the possibility of creating disease-free or intelligent children, but ethical considerations regarding the limits of this technology should be carefully considered.
Generic engineering poses the possibility of creating disease-free or intelligent children, but ethical considerations regarding the limits of this technology should be carefully considered.
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What does CRISPR stand for?
What does CRISPR stand for?
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What are some of the potential applications of CRISPR technology?
What are some of the potential applications of CRISPR technology?
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Study Notes
Human Reproduction
- Humans begin life as a single cell formed by the fusion of an egg and sperm from the parents.
- During adolescence, sex organs change to produce sex cells.
- Sex cells contain chromosomes with genetic information (e.g., skin color, hair color).
- Sex cells (egg and sperm) have 23 chromosomes, making them haploid (n).
- Regular body cells have 46 chromosomes, making them diploid (2n).
- After fertilization (egg + sperm), the resulting zygote has 46 chromosomes.
Male Reproductive System
- The primary reproductive organs are the testes.
- Testes produce sperm (male gametes).
- Testes are located in the scrotum, which is outside the body for proper sperm development (lower temperature, ~1-2 degrees lower than the internal body temperature).
- Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules.
- Sperm mature in the epididymis.
- Sperm are transported through ducts (vas deferens, urethra).
- Glands (prostate, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral) secrete fluids forming semen, which nourishes sperm.
- The urethra leads sperm through the penis during ejaculation.
Female Reproductive System
- Ovaries are the primary reproductive organs.
- Ovaries produce eggs (female gametes).
- Ovaries are located in the abdominal cavity.
- Eggs mature within follicles.
- Hormones regulate egg maturation.
- Release of a mature egg is called ovulation.
- Fallopian tubes (oviducts) transport the egg to the uterus.
- The uterus prepares for possible implantation.
Stages of Human Development Before Birth
- Fertilization: Sperm fertilizes egg in fallopian tube.
- Zygote divisions create a blastocyst.
- Implantation: Blastocyst implants in the uterine wall.
-
Embryonic Development (first two months): The developing child is called an embryo. Formation of major organs.
- Uterine wall produces placenta with blood vessels and capillaries.
- Umbilical cord connects embryo to placenta.
- Amniotic sac forms around embryo.
- Fetal Development (third month onward): The developing child is called a fetus. Rapid growth and development of organs; mother starts feeling fetal movements.
- Birth: The contractions of the uterus during labor help the baby to be born.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
-
Syphilis: Caused by Treponema pallidum.
- Incubation period (few weeks to months).
- Stages: Chancre, rash, latent period (possible serious complications).
- Treated with antibiotics.
-
Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Discharge (pus).
- Can affect other parts of the body (rectum, eyes, throat).
- Treated with antibiotics.
-
Genital Herpes: Caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV-2).
- Painful sores/blisters.
- Can recur.
- Incurable.
-
AIDS: Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Latency period (5-10 years).
- Opportunistic infections later on.
Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
- Infertility: Inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse.
- Male infertility factors: Low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, blockages.
- Female infertility factors: Ovulation disorders (e.g., irregular periods, PCOS).
- ART techniques for infertility: Artificial insemination by donor (AID), In vitro fertilization (IVF), Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of human reproduction, including the formation of sex cells and the male reproductive system. Explore the processes from fertilization to the role of the testes in sperm production. Test your knowledge on chromosomes, haploids, and male reproductive anatomy.
