Human Reflexes and Eye Function
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the pupil in dim light?

  • The pupil constricts
  • The pupil dilates (correct)
  • The pupil changes color
  • The pupil stays the same size

    • In bright light, the pupil gets larger to protect the retina.

    False

    Name the two muscles involved in the pupil reflex.

    Radial muscles and circular muscles

    The pupil reflex is an example of __________ muscle action.

    <p>antagonistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pupil reflex responses with their corresponding light conditions:

    <p>Dilation = Dim light Constriction = Bright light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurone is responsible for connecting sense organs to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Sensory neurones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motor neurones are short with a small cell body at one end.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response involves conscious decision-making and starts with the brain?

    <p>Voluntary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reflex response is an automatic and rapid response to a _____ such as touching something sharp or hot.

    <p>stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about reflex responses is true?

    <p>They occur without conscious awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of neurons with their descriptions:

    <p>Sensory neurones = Connects sense organs to CNS Relay neurones = Short with many dendrites Motor neurones = Responsible for movement Interneurones = Connects sensory and motor neurones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Involuntary responses are always slower than voluntary responses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a voluntary response?

    <p>Reaching out to pick up a cup of coffee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor cells are sensitive to light in the eye?

    <p>Both rod and cone cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blind spot in the eye is caused by the presence of rod and cone cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain 'fills in' from surrounding light to compensate for the _____ in the blind spot.

    <p>gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions with their descriptions:

    <p>Pupil constriction = Prevents too much light from damaging the retina Pupil dilation = Allows as much light as possible into the eye Blind spot = Area without light-sensitive cells Rod cells = Sensitive to light but not color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pupil reflex?

    <p>To protect the retina from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The retina is entirely made up of light-sensitive rod and cone cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of looking into a bright light without pupil constriction?

    <p>Potential damage to the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of accommodation in the eye?

    <p>To focus on near and distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lens of the eye becomes thinner when focusing on a nearby object.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ciliary muscles when an object is far away?

    <p>The ciliary muscles relax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments become ______.

    <p>looser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions with their effects on the lens of the eye:

    <p>Ciliary muscles contract = Lens becomes fatter Ciliary muscles relax = Lens becomes thinner Suspensory ligaments loosen = Increased light refraction Suspensory ligaments tighten = Decreased light refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the lens to become fatter when focusing on close objects?

    <p>Ciliary muscles contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Staring at a nearby object makes the eyes feel relaxed and comfortable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does light refraction have when the lens is thinner?

    <p>Light is refracted less.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the responses of plants to stimuli such as light and gravity?

    <p>Tropisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants have faster responses to stimuli compared to animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of response do shoots of a plant exhibit towards light?

    <p>Positive phototropic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Roots exhibit a positive ______ response.

    <p>gravitropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a plant is placed on its side?

    <p>It shows gravitropic responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant parts with their respective tropic responses.

    <p>Shoots = Negative gravitropic response Roots = Positive gravitropic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The roots of a plant grow towards light.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the response of a plant growing away from a stimulus?

    <p>Negative response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glucagon primarily known as?

    <p>A hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is the hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs when insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas are unable to produce insulin?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 1 diabetes can be treated by injecting _____ to control blood glucose levels.

    <p>insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with Type 1 diabetes need to monitor their _____ levels throughout the day.

    <p>blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the diabetes symptoms with their descriptions:

    <p>Extreme thirst = Increased need for fluids Weakness = Lack of energy or fatigue Blurred vision = Visual disturbances Weight loss = Loss of body mass without trying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one lifestyle factor that is linked to Type 2 diabetes.

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • This document contains IGCSE Biology CIE notes on coordination and response.
    • The topics covered include the mammalian nervous system, types of neurones, the reflex arc, the synapse, sense organs, the eye, hormones in humans, homeostasis, homeostasis: temperature control, and tropisms.
    • The human nervous system comprises the central nervous system (CNS) encompassing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) including all the nerves in the body.
    • Neurones (nerve cells) transmit information in the form of electrical signals, and a bundle of neurones is called a nerve.
    • Sensory neurones send impulses from sense organs to the CNS, relay neurones connect sensory and motor neurones within the CNS, and motor neurones carry impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands).
    • Synapses are junctions between neurones, crucial for the transmission of impulses; they use chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) for this process.
    • Sense organs, like the skin, tongue, nose, ear, and eye, contain specialized receptors detecting various stimuli.
    • The eye has components like the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and retina (containing rod and cone cells) for light reception. The pupil reflex adjusts the amount of light entering the eye.
    • Accommodation is the eye's ability to adjust focus for near and distant objects, achieved by changes in lens shape controlled by ciliary muscles.
    • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment (e.g., temperature, blood glucose levels).
    • The body regulates temperature using mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and changes in blood vessel diameter.
    • Blood glucose levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon. Insulin lowers blood sugar, and glucagon raises it.
    • Type 1 diabetes involves the inability to produce insulin.
    • Tropisms are directional growth responses of plants, including gravitropism (response to gravity) and phototropism (response to light).
    • Auxin, a plant hormone, governs tropisms, influencing cell elongation in response to light and gravity.
    • Investigating phototropism and gravitropism can be done using experimental setups (e.g., plants exposed to unilateral light, clinostats).

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    IGCSE Biology CIE Coordination & Response PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the human pupil reflex and the various types of neurons involved in sensory response. This quiz covers the mechanisms of the pupil in different light conditions, voluntary vs. involuntary responses, and the role of light-sensitive cells in the eye. Perfect for students studying biology or physiology!

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