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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of a population pyramid?
What is the primary difference between a command economy and a market economy?
What is the term for the number of people that can be supported by a piece of land?
What is the term for the movement of people from one region to another?
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What is the primary activity that involves gathering raw materials?
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What is the term for a resource that can be replaced through natural processes?
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What is the term for the economic system in which goods and services are traded without exchanging money?
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What is the term for the figure that shows the average number of people living in a measurable area?
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What type of resources cannot be replaced once they have been removed from the ground?
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What is the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year?
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What is the study of how people use space in cities?
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What is formed when several metropolitan areas grow together?
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What is the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit?
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What is the process of people moving to cities and changing their lifestyle?
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What is the difference between weather and climate?
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What is an ecosystem?
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What is the role of language in culture?
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What is the term for the spread of ideas and innovations from place to place?
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What is the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime?
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What is the number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births?
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What is the result of a society adopting an innovation?
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What is the term for a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture?
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Study Notes
Population Geography
- A population pyramid is a graphic device that shows the gender and age distribution of a population.
- Push factors are reasons that cause people to leave their homeland and migrate to another region, such as natural disasters and war.
- Population density is the average number of people who live in a measurable area.
- Carrying capacity is the number of organisms a piece of land can support.
Economic Systems
- An economy consists of the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people.
- Traditional economy: goods and services are traded without exchanging money (barter).
- Command economy: production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production.
- Market economy: production of goods and services is determined by demand from consumers (also called capitalism).
- Mixed economy: a combination of command and market economies provides goods and services to benefit all people.
Levels of Economic Activity
- Primary activities: involve gathering raw materials, such as timber, for immediate use or to use in the making of a final product.
- Secondary activities: involve adding value to materials by changing their form, such as manufacturing automobiles.
- Tertiary activities: involve providing business or professional services, such as salespeople, teachers, or doctors.
- Quaternary activities: provide information, management, and research services by highly-trained persons.
The Economics of Natural Resources
- Natural resources: materials on or in the earth, such as trees or fish, that have economic value.
- Renewable resources: can be replaced through natural processes.
- Non-renewable resources: cannot be replaced once they have been removed from the ground, such as metals.
Seasons and Weather
- Weather: the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time.
- Climate: the term for weather conditions at a particular location over a long period of time.
- Precipitation: depends on the amount of water vapor in the air and the movement of that air.
Soils and Vegetation
- Vegetation regions: natural environments that provide the stage for human activities such as farming.
- Ecosystem: an interdependent community of plants and animals.
- Biome: an ecosystem of a region, which can be further divided into forest, grassland, or desert.
The Elements of Culture
- Culture: the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group.
- Language is an important aspect of culture, allowing people to communicate and establish cultural identity.
- Innovation: taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need.
- Diffusion: the spread of ideas, inventions, and other practices from place to place.
- Acculturation: occurs when a society changes because it adopts an innovation.
Population Geography
- Birthrate: the number of live births per thousand population.
- Fertility rate: the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime.
- Mortality rate: also called the death rate, is the number of deaths per thousand people.
- Infant mortality rate: the number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births.
Economic Support Systems
- GNP (Gross National Product): the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year.
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product): the total value of all goods and services produced within a country.
- Per capita income: the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit.
- A nation's infrastructure consists of the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, and transportation.
Urban Geography
- Urban geography: the study of how people use space in cities.
- Cities: not just areas with large populations, but also centers of business and culture.
- Suburbs: political units touching the borders of the central city.
- Metropolitan area: the city, its suburbs, and exurbs linked together economically.
- Megalopolis: several metropolitan areas growing together.
- Urbanization: the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result.
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Description
Test your understanding of population pyramids, push-pull factors, and population density. Learn how geographers analyze and understand population distribution and migration patterns.
