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Questions and Answers
What major physiological change occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
What major physiological change occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
- Ovulation of mature eggs.
- Development of ovarian follicles. (correct)
- Increased levels of progesterone.
- Formation of the corpus albicans.
During which phase is the corpus albicans primarily formed?
During which phase is the corpus albicans primarily formed?
- Ovulatory phase
- Follicular phase
- Luteal phase (correct)
- Menstrual phase
What hormone primarily facilitates the growth of follicles during the follicular phase?
What hormone primarily facilitates the growth of follicles during the follicular phase?
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Progesterone
- Estrogen
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
Which physiological process marks the end of the follicular phase?
Which physiological process marks the end of the follicular phase?
What is the normal range for platelet count in a healthy individual?
What is the normal range for platelet count in a healthy individual?
Which statement accurately describes platelets?
Which statement accurately describes platelets?
How would a platelet count below 200,000 / µL generally be classified?
How would a platelet count below 200,000 / µL generally be classified?
What role do platelets primarily play in the body?
What role do platelets primarily play in the body?
Which of the following diseases is associated with abnormal platelet counts?
Which of the following diseases is associated with abnormal platelet counts?
What is the average daily fluid output for a healthy adult?
What is the average daily fluid output for a healthy adult?
Which component is the major cation in extracellular fluid?
Which component is the major cation in extracellular fluid?
What is the primary anion found in extracellular fluid?
What is the primary anion found in extracellular fluid?
How is fluid balance maintained in the body?
How is fluid balance maintained in the body?
Which of the following contributes the least to daily fluid output?
Which of the following contributes the least to daily fluid output?
What percentage of the body weight in an adult man is composed of water?
What percentage of the body weight in an adult man is composed of water?
In a 70 kg adult man, how much total body water is estimated to be present?
In a 70 kg adult man, how much total body water is estimated to be present?
What is the distribution of total body water in the intracellular compartment expressed as a percentage?
What is the distribution of total body water in the intracellular compartment expressed as a percentage?
How many liters does the intracellular fluid compartment contain in a 70 kg adult man?
How many liters does the intracellular fluid compartment contain in a 70 kg adult man?
Which of the following correctly identifies a key compartment of total body water?
Which of the following correctly identifies a key compartment of total body water?
What is the main function of the connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart?
What is the main function of the connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart?
What type of organ is the heart classified as?
What type of organ is the heart classified as?
Which component is crucial for the heart's structural support?
Which component is crucial for the heart's structural support?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the heart and the pericardium?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the heart and the pericardium?
What is the primary composition of the heart itself?
What is the primary composition of the heart itself?
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Study Notes
Follicular Phase
- The follicular phase marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle
- During this phase, the ovaries produce and release an egg
- The follicle, a small sac that encloses the egg, grows and matures, triggered by hormones
- The lining of the uterus (endometrium) thickens in preparation for possible implantation
Corpus Albicans Formation
- The corpus albicans is formed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
- It is a scar-like tissue formed from the corpus luteum, which regresses after ovulation
Platelets
- Platelets are small, granulated cells without a nucleus.
- They are essential for blood clotting.
- A normal platelet count ranges between 200,000 and 500,000 per microliter (µL).
- Platelets are found in blood (intravascular).
Fluid Distribution in the Body
- 60 % of an adult human body weight is water.
- This body water (TBW) is distributed into two major compartments:
- Intracellular fluid: comprising 40% (2/3) of TBW.
- Extracellular fluid: comprising 20% (1/3) of TBW.
- The extracellular fluid further divides into interstitial fluid (between cells) and intravascular fluid (blood plasma).
- The major cation in extracellular fluid is sodium (Na+), while the major anion is chloride (Cl-).
Fluid Output
- Daily fluid output averages 2-3 liters.
- The majority of fluid output is through urine (1500 ml).
- Other routes include evaporation from the lungs (700 ml), sweating (100 ml), and feces (100 ml).
- To maintain balance, fluid intake must match fluid output.
Functional Anatomy of the Heart
- The heart is a hollow, muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
- It's surrounded by a connective tissue sac called the pericardium.
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