8 Questions
Which system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones in the body?
Endocrine system
Which of the following body regions includes the organs such as stomach, small intestine, and kidneys?
Abdomen
Which body cavity contains the brain?
Cranial cavity
What is the directional term that means towards the front?
Anterior
Which organ system is responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients?
Digestive system
Which body region includes the vertebral column, ribs, and associated muscles?
Back
In the anatomical position, what is the direction of the palms?
Towards the front
What is the term for the direction away from the point of attachment?
Distal
Study Notes
Organ Systems
- Nervous system: controls and coordinates body functions, consists of Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Circulatory system: transports oxygen and nutrients to cells, consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Respiratory system: brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide, consists of lungs, trachea, bronchi, and diaphragm
- Digestive system: breaks down and absorbs nutrients, consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
- Endocrine system: produces and regulates hormones, consists of glands such as pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands
- Integumentary system: protects the body, consists of skin, hair, nails, and associated glands
- Muscular system: moves the body, consists of skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles
- Skeletal system: provides support and protection, consists of bones, joints, and ligaments
- Urinary system: filters waste and excess fluids, consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
- Reproductive system: produces sex cells and supports reproduction, consists of sex organs, glands, and ducts
Body Regions
- Head: includes cranium, face, and brain
- Neck: connects head to torso, includes cervical spine and associated muscles
- Thorax: includes chest cavity, lungs, and heart
- Abdomen: includes organs such as stomach, small intestine, and kidneys
- Back: includes vertebral column, ribs, and associated muscles
- Upper limb: includes arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
- Pelvis: includes hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx
- Lower limb: includes thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
Body Cavities
- Cranial cavity: contains brain
- Thoracic cavity: contains heart and lungs
- Abdominal cavity: contains digestive organs
- Pelvic cavity: contains reproductive organs
Directional Terms
- Superior: towards the head
- Inferior: towards the feet
- Anterior: towards the front
- Posterior: towards the back
- Medial: towards the midline
- Lateral: away from the midline
- Proximal: towards the point of attachment
- Distal: away from the point of attachment
Anatomical Position
- Standing upright with feet together
- Arms at sides, palms facing forward
- Used as a reference point for directional terms
Organ Systems
- Nervous system controls and coordinates body functions, comprising Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells, consisting of heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide, comprising lungs, trachea, bronchi, and diaphragm
- Digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients, consisting of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
- Endocrine system produces and regulates hormones, comprising glands such as pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands
- Integumentary system protects the body, consisting of skin, hair, nails, and associated glands
- Muscular system moves the body, comprising skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles
- Skeletal system provides support and protection, consisting of bones, joints, and ligaments
- Urinary system filters waste and excess fluids, consisting of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
- Reproductive system produces sex cells and supports reproduction, consisting of sex organs, glands, and ducts
Body Regions
- Head includes cranium, face, and brain
- Neck connects head to torso, including cervical spine and associated muscles
- Thorax includes chest cavity, lungs, and heart
- Abdomen includes organs such as stomach, small intestine, and kidneys
- Back includes vertebral column, ribs, and associated muscles
- Upper limb includes arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
- Pelvis includes hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx
- Lower limb includes thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
Body Cavities
- Cranial cavity houses the brain
- Thoracic cavity contains heart and lungs
- Abdominal cavity contains digestive organs
- Pelvic cavity contains reproductive organs
Directional Terms
- Superior refers to the direction towards the head
- Inferior refers to the direction towards the feet
- Anterior refers to the direction towards the front
- Posterior refers to the direction towards the back
- Medial refers to the direction towards the midline
- Lateral refers to the direction away from the midline
- Proximal refers to the direction towards the point of attachment
- Distal refers to the direction away from the point of attachment
Anatomical Position
- Standing upright with feet together, arms at sides, and palms facing forward is the standard anatomical position
- This position serves as a reference point for directional terms
Learn about the different organ systems in the human body, including the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems.
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