Ch 5: Human nutrition
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?

  • Producing bile to digest fats (correct)
  • Increasing nutrient absorption in the colon
  • Separating nutrients in the large intestine
  • Storing stomach acid

Where is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

  • Duodenum
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine (correct)
  • Rectum

Which organ controls blood glucose levels in the body?

  • Colon
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas (correct)

What is the main function of the colon in the digestive process?

<p>Absorbing water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the physical breakdown of food primarily through chewing?

<p>Mechanical Digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In digestion, where do nutrients enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system?

<p>Small Intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates?

<p>Amylase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is undigested waste stored before being expelled as feces?

<p>Rectum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What transports nutrient-rich blood to the liver?

<p>Hepatic Portal Vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of incorporating nutrients into cellular structures and metabolic processes?

<p>Assimilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body obtains and utilizes nutrients from food?

<p>Digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ in the digestive system releases saliva containing carbohydrases?

<p>Salivary glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tongue in the mouth cavity during the digestive process?

<p>Mixing food and aiding in swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which digestive organ carries the bolus to the stomach through peristalsis?

<p>Oesophagus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aids in the mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth cavity?

<p>Tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ secretes hydrochloric acid and enzymes to aid in digestion?

<p>Stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through what process does the alimentary canal regulate the entry and exit of food in the stomach?

<p>Peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ releases bile to emulsify fats, neutralize stomach acid, and promote peristalsis?

<p>Gallbladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does absorption primarily occur within the digestive system?

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzymatic process involves breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules for absorption?

<p>Chemical digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanical digestion process involves the physical breakdown of food primarily through chewing?

<p>Mastication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein in digestion?

<p>Transporting nutrient-rich blood to cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is undigested waste stored before being expelled through the anus?

<p>Rectum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

<p>Secreting enzymes for digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which digestive process involves incorporating nutrients into cellular structures for growth and energy?

<p>Assimilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the colon mainly absorb during the digestive process?

<p>Water and mineral salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mechanical digestion occur in the digestive system?

<p>Primarily via chewing and peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of teeth in the mouth cavity during the digestive process?

<p>Mechanically breaking down food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the salivary glands' role in the mouth cavity?

<p>Releasing saliva containing carbohydrases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the digestive system, what part carries the bolus from the mouth to the stomach?

<p>Oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the food in the stomach due to the action of gastric juice?

<p>Food is turned into chyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the primary location for nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

<p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tongue in the mouth cavity?

<p>Mixing food and aiding in swallowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ regulates the entry and exit of food in the digestive system through sphincters?

<p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth during digestion?

<p>Amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the digestive system is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus?

<p>Alimentary canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the series of muscular contractions that carry food from the mouth to the stomach?

<p>Peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?

<p>Emulsifying fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids primarily digested within the digestive system?

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelles within the small intestine increase the surface area for absorption?

<p>Villi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the colon in the digestive system?

<p>Storing waste before egestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which processes are involved in the mechanical breakdown of food?

<p>Mastication and peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in chemical digestion?

<p>To catalyze reactions that break down food molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do nutrients enter after absorption in the small intestine?

<p>Bloodstream or lymphatic system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assimilation in the context of nutrient absorption?

<p>Incorporating nutrients into cellular structures and metabolic processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

<p>It carries the bolus from the mouth to the stomach. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ in the digestive system contains sphincters that control the entry and exit of food?

<p>Oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the digestive process?

<p>Produces bile to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the stomach aid in digestion?

<p>It churns food and mixes it with gastric juice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are teeth considered important in the mouth cavity during digestion?

<p>To mechanically break down food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the salivary glands in the digestive system?

<p>To release saliva containing carbohydrases that break down carbohydrates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the digestive system, what happens to the bolus of food when it reaches the stomach?

<p>It is chemically broken down by the stomach's enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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