Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ______ nervous system is responsible for "rest-and-digest" functions.
The ______ nervous system is responsible for "rest-and-digest" functions.
parasympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system is activated by ______.
The sympathetic nervous system is activated by ______.
stress
The ______ nervous system increases heart rate and blood glucose levels.
The ______ nervous system increases heart rate and blood glucose levels.
sympathetic
The ______ nervous system is associated with "fight-or-flight" reactions.
The ______ nervous system is associated with "fight-or-flight" reactions.
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______ is the neurotransmitter responsible for parasympathetic responses.
______ is the neurotransmitter responsible for parasympathetic responses.
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The ______ system is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and glandular secretions.
The ______ system is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and glandular secretions.
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The ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
The ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
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The ______ nervous system includes all 31 pairs of nerves emanating from the spinal cord.
The ______ nervous system includes all 31 pairs of nerves emanating from the spinal cord.
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Sensory neurons transmit information toward the CNS through ______ fibers.
Sensory neurons transmit information toward the CNS through ______ fibers.
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Motor impulses travel from the CNS back to the body along ______ fibers.
Motor impulses travel from the CNS back to the body along ______ fibers.
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The ______ nervous system is further subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
The ______ nervous system is further subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
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The ______ nervous system consists of sensory and motor neurons distributed throughout the skin, joints, and muscles.
The ______ nervous system consists of sensory and motor neurons distributed throughout the skin, joints, and muscles.
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The ANS has two subdivisions: the ______ nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
The ANS has two subdivisions: the ______ nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Afferent neurons ascend in the cord toward the ______.
Afferent neurons ascend in the cord toward the ______.
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Efferent neurons exit the cord on their way to the rest of the ______.
Efferent neurons exit the cord on their way to the rest of the ______.
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The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ______ and peripheral nervous systems.
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ______ and peripheral nervous systems.
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Interneurons are predominantly located in the ______ and spinal cord.
Interneurons are predominantly located in the ______ and spinal cord.
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Reflex arcs are neural circuits that control reflexive ______.
Reflex arcs are neural circuits that control reflexive ______.
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Sensory neurons transmit information from receptors to the spinal cord and ______.
Sensory neurons transmit information from receptors to the spinal cord and ______.
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Motor neurons transmit motor information from the ______ and spinal cord to muscles and glands.
Motor neurons transmit motor information from the ______ and spinal cord to muscles and glands.
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The nervous system is composed of over ______ billion cells that communicate and regulate signals.
The nervous system is composed of over ______ billion cells that communicate and regulate signals.
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Study Notes
Organization of the Human Nervous System
- The human nervous system has over 100 billion cells
- The nervous system communicates, coordinates, and regulates bodily functions
- Mental and physical actions result from the body reacting to external stimuli
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
- Three types of nerve cells: sensory, motor, and interneurons
- Sensory neurons (afferent): transmit sensory info from receptors to the brain/spinal cord
- Motor neurons (efferent): transmit motor info from the brain/spinal cord to muscles/glands
- Interneurons: connect other neurons, mostly in the brain and spinal cord, often involved in reflexes
- Reflex arcs: neural circuits that control reflexive behaviors (e.g., stepping on a nail)
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerve tissue and fibers outside the CNS, including spinal nerves (31 pairs) and cranial nerves (12 pairs)
- Olfactory and optic nerves are structurally part of the CNS but part of the PNS
- PNS connects CNS to the rest of the body
Peripheral Nervous System Subdivisions
- Somatic nervous system: sensory and motor neurons in the skin, joints, and muscles; it transmits information to and from CNS
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS): regulates heart rate, respiration, digestion, glandular secretions, and body temperature; involuntary; includes sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic nervous system: "fight-or-flight" response; accelerates heart rate, inhibits digestion; associated with stress or emergencies
- Parasympathetic nervous system: "rest-and-digest" response; conserves energy; slows heart rate, increases digestion; associated with resting and sleeping states; functions include constricting bronchi, stimulating flow of saliva, slowing heart rate, and inhibiting glucose release; acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter
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Description
This quiz covers the organization and functions of the human nervous system, including the central and peripheral systems. You'll learn about the types of neurons and their roles in processing sensory and motor information, as well as understanding reflex actions. Test your knowledge on this fundamental aspect of human biology!
