Human Kidney Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the kidney?

  • Production of urine
  • Reabsorption of water and nutrients
  • Secretion of waste products
  • Filtration of blood (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

  • Maintenance of strong bones
  • Regulation of body temperature (correct)
  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Production of red blood cells
  • What is the name of the tube where reabsorption of nutrients and water takes place?

  • Bowman's capsule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (correct)
  • Which structure in the nephron is responsible for collecting urine and transporting it to the renal pelvis?

    <p>Collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of total blood volume that the kidneys receive?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of urine formation?

    <p>Nutrients and water are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule and then waste products are secreted into the distal convoluted tubule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nephrons are estimated to be present in each kidney?

    <p>1 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a nephron?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structure

    • The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back on either side of the spine
    • Each kidney is about 4-5 inches long and 2-3 inches wide
    • The kidneys are protected by the rib cage and are surrounded by a layer of fat

    Functions

    • Filtration: Kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
    • Regulation of electrolytes: Kidneys regulate levels of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium
    • Regulation of acid-base balance: Kidneys help maintain the body's acid-base balance by regulating the levels of acid and base in the blood
    • Production of hormones: Kidneys produce hormones that help regulate blood pressure, produce red blood cells, and maintain strong bones
    • Waste removal: Kidneys remove waste products from the blood and excrete them in the urine

    Nephrons

    • The functional units of the kidney are called nephrons
    • Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons
    • Nephrons consist of:
      • Glomerulus: a cluster of capillaries that filter the blood
      • ** Bowman's capsule**: a double-layered sac that surrounds the glomerulus
      • Proximal convoluted tubule: a tube where reabsorption of nutrients and water takes place
      • Loop of Henle: a U-shaped tube where further reabsorption and secretion occur
      • Distal convoluted tubule: a tube where final reabsorption and secretion occur
      • Collecting duct: a tube that collects urine and transports it to the renal pelvis

    Blood Supply

    • Kidneys receive about 20-25% of the total blood volume
    • Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and leaves through the renal vein

    Urine Formation

    • The process of urine formation involves:
      1. Filtration: blood is filtered in the glomerulus
      2. Reabsorption: nutrients and water are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
      3. Secretion: waste products are secreted into the tubule
      4. Urine concentration: urine is concentrated in the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule
      5. Urine collection: urine is collected in the renal pelvis and transported to the bladder through the ureters

    Kidney Structure

    • Kidneys are located in the lower back on either side of the spine
    • Each kidney is approximately 4-5 inches long and 2-3 inches wide
    • Kidneys are protected by the rib cage and surrounded by a layer of fat

    Kidney Functions

    • Filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
    • Regulate levels of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium
    • Maintain the body's acid-base balance by regulating acid and base levels in the blood
    • Produce hormones that regulate blood pressure, produce red blood cells, and maintain strong bones
    • Remove waste products from the blood and excrete them in the urine

    Nephrons

    • Functional units of the kidney
    • Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons
    • Nephrons consist of:
      • Glomerulus: a cluster of capillaries that filter the blood
      • Bowman's capsule: a double-layered sac that surrounds the glomerulus
      • Proximal convoluted tubule: a tube where reabsorption of nutrients and water takes place
      • Loop of Henle: a U-shaped tube where further reabsorption and secretion occur
      • Distal convoluted tubule: a tube where final reabsorption and secretion occur
      • Collecting duct: a tube that collects urine and transports it to the renal pelvis

    Blood Supply

    • Kidneys receive approximately 20-25% of the total blood volume
    • Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and leaves through the renal vein

    Urine Formation

    • Involves filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine concentration, and urine collection
    • Blood is filtered in the glomerulus
    • Nutrients and water are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
    • Waste products are secreted into the tubule
    • Urine is concentrated in the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule
    • Urine is collected in the renal pelvis and transported to the bladder through the ureters

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    Description

    Learn about the structure and functions of the human kidneys, including their location, size, and roles in filtration, electrolyte regulation, and acid-base balance.

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