Human Hormone Functions Quiz
64 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the secretion of testosterone in males?

  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  • Luteinizing Hormone (correct)

    • Which of the following changes is associated with estrogen during puberty in females?

  • Widening of pelvis (correct)
  • Increased aggression
  • Increased hair growth on back
  • Increased size of penis

    • What is the primary role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males?

  • Blood sugar regulation
  • Breast development
  • Sperm development (correct)
  • Muscle growth

    • Which condition is characterized by the pancreas' failure to produce insulin due to autoimmune destruction?

    <p>Type I Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of testosterone in males?

    <p>Breast development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucagon in blood sugar regulation?

    <p>Raises blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily responsible for the thickening of the uterus in preparation for potential pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the ovaries and is essential for facilitating ovulation?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormones can easily cross the cell membrane?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Low concentration of water in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for uterine contractions during labor?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of non-steroid hormones on target cells?

    <p>Activate second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in relation to the kidneys?

    <p>Promote retention of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts after childbirth?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do steroid hormones elicit a response in target cells?

    <p>By entering the cell and binding to internal receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Regulates water retention in kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones act faster in the body?

    <p>Non-steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What usually causes acromegaly in adults?

    <p>Tumor of the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does oxytocin play in the breastfeeding process?

    <p>Triggers milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone's release is inhibited by high levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of steroid hormones in the body?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main physiological role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in relation to blood pressure?

    <p>Increase blood pressure through vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of hyposecretion of growth hormone in children?

    <p>Pituitary dwarfism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does obesity have on the risk of type II diabetes?

    <p>Increases risk by up to 93%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells in uncontrolled diabetes when they lack glucose?

    <p>They convert fats and proteins into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a severe consequence of metabolic acidosis caused by uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Increased brain confusion and tiredness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health problems is NOT associated with uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Inflammatory bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if too much insulin is injected or injected when blood sugar is low?

    <p>Unconsciousness due to hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does parathyroid hormone (PTH) play in the body?

    <p>Stimulates calcium removal from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid gland indicate?

    <p>Increased blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice for managing diabetes?

    <p>Monitor blood glucose levels regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone secreted by the ovaries is primarily involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males?

    <p>Testosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Estrogen have on the body during puberty in females?

    <p>Bone lengthening and widening of the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of the hormone insulin?

    <p>Decrease blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of diabetes mellitus does the immune system target and destroy beta cells in the pancreas?

    <p>Type I diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) play in males?

    <p>Promotes sperm maturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological changes are associated with increased testosterone production during puberty in males?

    <p>Increased muscle growth and hairiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucagon function in maintaining blood sugar levels?

    <p>Stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the neurons in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Low concentration of water in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the kidneys to retain more water?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on blood pressure?

    <p>It increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does prolactin play in postpartum lactation?

    <p>Triggers milk production in the breasts after childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of hyposecretion of growth hormone in children?

    <p>Dwarfism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily stimulates the release of prolactin after childbirth?

    <p>The direct contact of the baby with the mother's breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of high blood glucose levels in diabetes?

    <p>Excretion of glucose in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health problems can be caused by damage to blood vessels due to uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Blindness and heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication arises from the production of ketones due to fat metabolism in uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about insulin injection in diabetes management?

    <p>Excess insulin can result in loss of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does parathyroid hormone (PTH) play in calcium regulation?

    <p>It raises blood calcium levels by removing calcium from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels?

    <p>It lowers blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should individuals with diabetes do to monitor their health?

    <p>Check their toes daily for feeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes steroid hormones from non-steroid hormones?

    <p>They are lipid soluble and can cross the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about oxytocin is incorrect?

    <p>It is released from the anterior pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of energy utilization in uncontrolled diabetes, what happens to cells lacking glucose?

    <p>They begin to utilize proteins and fats for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-steroid hormones primarily exert their effects on target cells?

    <p>By activating existing proteins via second messengers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response is typically associated with steroid hormones compared to non-steroid hormones?

    <p>Steroid hormones require protein synthesis to enact changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the hypothalamus play in hormone release?

    <p>It regulates the release of hormones into the posterior pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change does oxytocin induce in response to infant nursing?

    <p>Contraction of milk-producing lobules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the release mechanism of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>It is secreted directly into the bloodstream from the posterior pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones can be classified as a non-steroid hormone?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Endocrine System

    • Hormones are molecules acting as messages between body parts.
    • Hormones are produced in endocrine glands.
    • Hormones circulate in the blood, reaching all cells.
    • Hormones only affect target cells with specific protein receptors.

    Steroid Hormones

    • Lipid soluble, derived from cholesterol.
    • Cross cell membranes easily.
    • Bind to receptors within target cells.
    • Action is slower, requiring new protein synthesis.
    • Examples: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone.

    Steroid Hormone Action

    • Steroid hormone diffuses into target cell.
    • Binds to receptor protein inside target cell.
    • Hormone-receptor complex enters nucleus.
    • Hormone-receptor complex activates genes.
    • Activation leads to protein synthesis.
    • New protein alters cell activity.

    Non-Steroid Hormones

    • Fat insoluble, derived from amino acids.
    • Cannot cross cell membranes.
    • Bind to receptors on cell membranes of target cells.
    • Trigger second messengers within target cells.
    • Second messengers activate enzymes within cells.
    • Action is quicker than steroid hormones.
    • Examples: glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine.

    Non-Steroid Hormone Action

    • Non-steroid hormone binds to receptor on target cell membrane.
    • Binding activates a second messenger, often cyclic AMP (cAMP).
    • cAMP activates enzymes.
    • Enzymes cause changes within target cell, inducing cell activity.

    Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary Gland

    • The hypothalamus releases hormones into the posterior pituitary.
    • Oxytocin: causes uterus contractions during childbirth; triggers affection and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
    • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin): causes kidneys to retain more water; raises blood pressure.

    Anterior Pituitary Gland

    • Hypothalamus triggers the anterior pituitary to produce several hormones.
    • Prolactin: stimulates milk production.
    • Growth hormone: promotes protein synthesis and cell division.
    • Affects bone and muscle growth through chondroblasts.
    • Pituitary dwarfism: insufficient growth hormone.
    • Gigantism: excess growth hormone causing excess growth during childhood.
    • Acromegaly: excess growth hormone during adulthood causing enlarged bones and soft tissues.

    Luteinizing Hormone (LH) / Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

    • Maturation of neurons in hypothalamus triggers LH and FSH production.
    • LH and FSH trigger puberty.
    • FSH/LH in females stimulate estrogen/progesterone secretion by ovaries.
    • FSH/LH in males stimulate testosterone secretion in testes.
    • FSH is essential for sperm development.
    • LH plays a role in testosterone production.

    Testosterone and Puberty

    • Testosterone, a steroid hormone, causes: increased sperm production, penis/testis growth, bone lengthening, muscle growth, hairiness, enlarged larynx, increased male sex drive and aggression.

    Estrogen, Progesterone and Puberty

    • Estrogen, a steroid hormone, causes: long bone growth, widening pelvis, redistribution of fat to hips and breasts.
    • Progesterone, a steroid hormone, is crucial for the menstrual cycle, including ovulation, and maintaining a thickened uterus during pregnancy.
    • Minute amounts of testosterone-like hormones are secreted by adrenal glands in women. These hormones have limited effects on women as men already have significant testosterone levels.

    Pancreas: Endocrine Homeostasis

    • Alpha cells in the pancreas produce glucagon.
    • Glucagon raises blood sugar levels by converting glycogen to glucose, converting amino acids to glucose, and releasing fatty acids from triglycerides.
    • Beta cells in the pancreas produce insulin to decrease blood sugar.
    • Insulin allows glucose to enter liver, muscles and adipose tissues and to turn it to glycogen and fat.

    Diabetes Mellitus

    • Type I Diabetes: insufficient insulin production, autoimmune disease.
    • Type II Diabetes: insulin resistant cells, often related to obesity.
    • Signs of Diabetes: high blood sugar, frequent urination, thirst, fatigue, and blurred vision; glucose in the urine.

    Uncontrolled Diabetes: Health Problems

    • Uncontrolled diabetes causes ketone production.
    • Metabolic acidosis can occur (low blood pH)
    • Can lead to confusion, tiredness, or death.
    • Can damage blood vessels, leading to conditions like blindness, stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, reduced circulation, gangrene, and amputation.
    • Poor blood circulation can lead to lack of feeling in the extremities and cause wounds that do not heal properly.

    Controlling Diabetes

    • Monitoring blood sugar regularly to ensure levels are neither too high nor too low.
    • Type I diabetics require daily insulin injections, while some Type II diabetics may also need insulin.
    • Avoiding sugar-heavy foods is crucial for effective blood sugar control.
    • Exercise can help control blood sugar without requiring insulin.
    • Checking toes regularly for any sign of abnormalities is important.

    Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

    • Thyroid and parathyroid glands release calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.

    Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

    • Released to increase blood calcium levels.
    • Removes calcium from bone (stimulates osteoclasts).
    • Increases absorption in digestive tract (activates Vitamin D).
    • Increases kidney retention of calcium.

    Calcitonin

    • Released to decrease blood calcium levels.
    • Adds calcium to bone (stimulates osteoblasts).
    • Decreases calcium absorption in digestive tract.
    • Decreases calcium retention in kidneys.

    Erythropoietin

    • Stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow.

    Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

    • Increased heart rate, respiratory rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles (fight or flight response).
    • Released by adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Endocrine System - Chapter 13 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on hormone functions in the human body with this quiz. Answer questions about the roles of various hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and FSH in males and females. Explore how these hormones impact physical changes during puberty and other physiological processes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser