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Questions and Answers
[Blank] tissue is composed of contractile cells and facilitates movement.
[Blank] tissue is composed of contractile cells and facilitates movement.
Muscle
[Blank] cells are known to originate from the mesoderm
[Blank] cells are known to originate from the mesoderm
Muscle
At the microscopic level, cells of ______ muscle show cross-striations
At the microscopic level, cells of ______ muscle show cross-striations
striated
Cells that lack cross-striations are categorized as ______ muscle
Cells that lack cross-striations are categorized as ______ muscle
Muscle tissue responsible for the movement of the axial and appendicular skeleton is classified as ______ muscle
Muscle tissue responsible for the movement of the axial and appendicular skeleton is classified as ______ muscle
[Blank] striated muscle is restricted to soft tissues and plays a vital role in processes like speech, breathing, and swallowing.
[Blank] striated muscle is restricted to soft tissues and plays a vital role in processes like speech, breathing, and swallowing.
Found within the walls of the heart and the base of large veins, ______ muscle facilitates the critical function of pumping blood.
Found within the walls of the heart and the base of large veins, ______ muscle facilitates the critical function of pumping blood.
In muscle tissue, cells are referred to as muscle ______
In muscle tissue, cells are referred to as muscle ______
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is specifically termed ______
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is specifically termed ______
The sarcolemma is the alternative term referring to the ______ of a muscle cell
The sarcolemma is the alternative term referring to the ______ of a muscle cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is known as ______ reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is known as ______ reticulum
Mitochondria in muscle cells are specialized and referred to as ______
Mitochondria in muscle cells are specialized and referred to as ______
Muscles facilitate ______ of the body, enabling movement and physical interaction with the environment.
Muscles facilitate ______ of the body, enabling movement and physical interaction with the environment.
[Blank] of posture is a continuous muscle function that allows us to maintain body position against gravity.
[Blank] of posture is a continuous muscle function that allows us to maintain body position against gravity.
Muscle contraction contributes in ______, aiding in the process of breathing by the movement of diaphragm and rib cage muscles.
Muscle contraction contributes in ______, aiding in the process of breathing by the movement of diaphragm and rib cage muscles.
[Blank] of body heat is accomplished through muscle activity and shivering, which increases metabolic rate and raises body temperature.
[Blank] of body heat is accomplished through muscle activity and shivering, which increases metabolic rate and raises body temperature.
Muscles enable diverse forms of ______, from facial expressions to gestures and spoken language.
Muscles enable diverse forms of ______, from facial expressions to gestures and spoken language.
The constriction of organs and vessels is achieved through muscle action, which plays a role in regulating blood distribution and digestive processes such as ______.
The constriction of organs and vessels is achieved through muscle action, which plays a role in regulating blood distribution and digestive processes such as ______.
Essential for systemic circulation, ______ of heart denotes the muscular pumping action that propels blood throughout the body.
Essential for systemic circulation, ______ of heart denotes the muscular pumping action that propels blood throughout the body.
[Blank] allows muscle tissue to shorten and generate force enabling bodily movements
[Blank] allows muscle tissue to shorten and generate force enabling bodily movements
[Blank] in muscle tissue refers to the ability to respond to stimuli, resulting in electrical or chemical signals.
[Blank] in muscle tissue refers to the ability to respond to stimuli, resulting in electrical or chemical signals.
[Blank] in muscle tissue is the capacity to stretch or elongate beyond its resting length.
[Blank] in muscle tissue is the capacity to stretch or elongate beyond its resting length.
[Blank] allows muscle tissue to return to its initial length after being stretched.
[Blank] allows muscle tissue to return to its initial length after being stretched.
[Blank] muscle consists of muscle cells that are long and multinucleated.
[Blank] muscle consists of muscle cells that are long and multinucleated.
Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle is known as ______
Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle is known as ______
The bundle of muscle fibers is surrounded by a thin connective tissue layer called ______
The bundle of muscle fibers is surrounded by a thin connective tissue layer called ______
The ______ is a very thin reticular fiber layer that surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
The ______ is a very thin reticular fiber layer that surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
The repeating units of sarcomeres, responsible for muscle contraction, exhibit transverse striations of alternating light and ______ bands.
The repeating units of sarcomeres, responsible for muscle contraction, exhibit transverse striations of alternating light and ______ bands.
The region of a myofibril that spans two Z lines is the ______
The region of a myofibril that spans two Z lines is the ______
Thread-like structures composed of thick and thin myofilaments are the building blocks making up ______
Thread-like structures composed of thick and thin myofilaments are the building blocks making up ______
Myofilaments consist of two types: thick myofilaments primarily made of ______ and thin myofilaments which include actin.
Myofilaments consist of two types: thick myofilaments primarily made of ______ and thin myofilaments which include actin.
Thick myofilaments contain ______, binding to active sites on actin molecules to form cross bridges.
Thick myofilaments contain ______, binding to active sites on actin molecules to form cross bridges.
Thin myofilaments feature ______, enabling regulation of interaction between actin and myosin.
Thin myofilaments feature ______, enabling regulation of interaction between actin and myosin.
When the impulse stops, calcium ions are transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ______ covers active sites.
When the impulse stops, calcium ions are transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ______ covers active sites.
The muscle contraction process begins when a nerve impulse triggers the release of ______ at the neuromuscular junction.
The muscle contraction process begins when a nerve impulse triggers the release of ______ at the neuromuscular junction.
During muscle contraction, calcium ions are released to enable ______ to bind to troponin, facilitating the formation of cross-bridges.
During muscle contraction, calcium ions are released to enable ______ to bind to troponin, facilitating the formation of cross-bridges.
A nerve impulse triggers the release of ACh from the ______ into the synaptic cleft.
A nerve impulse triggers the release of ACh from the ______ into the synaptic cleft.
Myosin heads pivot, moving thin filaments towards the ______ center and is powered by the breakdown of ATP.
Myosin heads pivot, moving thin filaments towards the ______ center and is powered by the breakdown of ATP.
There are two main aspects to muscle contraction: electrical and ______ components.
There are two main aspects to muscle contraction: electrical and ______ components.
Three muscle fiber components that respond to and transmit electrical signals are: sarcolemma, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic ______
Three muscle fiber components that respond to and transmit electrical signals are: sarcolemma, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic ______
Two structures in muscle fiber responsible for contraction are: myofibril and ______
Two structures in muscle fiber responsible for contraction are: myofibril and ______
The ability of muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is known as ______.
The ability of muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is known as ______.
The property of muscle tissue that involves the generation of force is known as ______.
The property of muscle tissue that involves the generation of force is known as ______.
The ______ is the smallest repetitive subunit of the contractile apparatus in a muscle fiber.
The ______ is the smallest repetitive subunit of the contractile apparatus in a muscle fiber.
______ muscle cells are characterized by exhibiting cross-striations when viewed under a light microscope.
______ muscle cells are characterized by exhibiting cross-striations when viewed under a light microscope.
The thin connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle fibers is referred to as the ______.
The thin connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle fibers is referred to as the ______.
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is specifically referred to as ______.
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is specifically referred to as ______.
The ______ is the functional unit of muscle contraction and is delimited by two Z lines.
The ______ is the functional unit of muscle contraction and is delimited by two Z lines.
The ______ is responsible for covering the active sites on actin subunits in relaxed muscle
The ______ is responsible for covering the active sites on actin subunits in relaxed muscle
The contraction of the ______ is a critical function of muscles, ensuring the circulation of blood throughout the body.
The contraction of the ______ is a critical function of muscles, ensuring the circulation of blood throughout the body.
In the context of a muscle contraction, a(n) ______ component involves muscle fiber components that respond to and transmit electrical signals.
In the context of a muscle contraction, a(n) ______ component involves muscle fiber components that respond to and transmit electrical signals.
Flashcards
Muscle tissue
Muscle tissue
Tissue composed of contractile cells, responsible for movement.
Striated muscle
Striated muscle
Muscles with cross-striations at the light microscope level.
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle
Muscles that do not exhibit cross-striations.
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle
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Visceral striated muscle
Visceral striated muscle
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Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle
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Muscle fibers
Muscle fibers
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Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasm
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Sarcolemma
Sarcolemma
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Sarcosomes
Sarcosomes
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Movement of the Body
Movement of the Body
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Maintenance of Posture
Maintenance of Posture
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Respiration
Respiration
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Production of Body Heat
Production of Body Heat
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Communication
Communication
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Constriction of Organs and Vessels
Constriction of Organs and Vessels
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Contraction of heart
Contraction of heart
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Contractility
Contractility
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Excitability
Excitability
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Extensibility
Extensibility
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Elasticity
Elasticity
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Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle
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Epimysium
Epimysium
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Perimysium
Perimysium
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Endomysium
Endomysium
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Sarcomeres
Sarcomeres
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Sarcomere
Sarcomere
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Myofilaments
Myofilaments
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Myofilaments
Myofilaments
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Thick myofilaments
Thick myofilaments
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Thick Myofilaments
Thick Myofilaments
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Thin myofilaments
Thin myofilaments
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Tropomyosin
Tropomyosin
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Electrical component
Electrical component
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Mechanical component
Mechanical component
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Study Notes
Prayer Before Study
- A prayer asking for light, wisdom, understanding, memory, accuracy, skill, thoroughness, and clarity is offered.
- Guidance is requested at the start and throughout the study, aiming for completion through Christ.
Human Histology: Muscular Tissue
- This unit, MT120225, focuses on muscular tissue.
- This course is being taught at UST General Santos, School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology in the Second Semester A.Y. 2024-2025.
Course Content
- An overview and classification of muscles will be provided.
- Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles will be discussed.
- Muscle regeneration will be covered.
Unit Intended Learning Outcome
- Students will be able to identify different types of muscular tissues and their respective functions.
Overview and Classification of Muscle Tissue
- Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells, enabling movement.
- Muscle cells are derived from the mesoderm.
Muscle Classification Based on Appearance
- Striated muscle cells exhibit cross-striations visible under a light microscope.
- Smooth muscle cells lack cross-striations.
Muscle Classification Based on Location
- Skeletal muscle enables movement in the axial and appendicular skeleton.
- Visceral striated muscle is restricted to soft tissues and involved in speech, breathing, and swallowing.
- Cardiac muscle is located in the heart wall and the base of large veins that empty into the heart.
Muscle Tissue Terminology
- Muscle cells are referred to as fibers.
- Cytoplasm is termed sarcoplasm.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is called sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Cell membrane is known as sarcolemma.
- Mitochondria are referred to as sarcosomes.
Functions of Muscles
- Enabling body movement.
- Maintaining posture.
- Facilitating respiration.
- Producing body heat.
- Enabling communication.
- Constricting organs and vessels.
- Contracting the heart.
Properties of Muscle Tissue
- Contractility enables muscles to shorten and generate force.
- Excitability allows muscles to respond to stimuli.
- Extensibility enables muscles to be stretched.
- Elasticity allows muscles to return to their original length after stretching.
Skeletal Muscle
- Skeletal muscle consists of long, multinucleated muscle cells.
Organization of a Skeletal Muscle
- Connective tissue coverings include epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
Connective Tissue Coverings: Epimysium
- The epimysium is a thick, dense irregular connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle.
- It houses large nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
Connective Tissue Coverings: Perimysium
- The perimysium is thin connective tissue surrounding fascicles, which are bundles of muscle fibers.
- It contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
Connective Tissue Coverings: Endomysium
- The endomysium is a very thin layer of reticular fibers surrounding individual muscle fibers.
- It contains nerve fibers, capillaries, and scattered fibroblasts.
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fiber
- Muscle fiber organization includes triads, T-tubules, terminal cisternae, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils, and sarcomeres.
Components of Skeletal Muscle Fiber: Myofibril
- Each muscle fiber contains 5,000-10,000 myofibrils.
- Myofibrils span the length of the muscle fiber, with a diameter of 1-2 um.
- They are arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell.
- Myofibrils are composed of repeating units called sarcomeres.
- These exhibit transverse striations of alternating light and dark bands.
Components of Skeletal Muscle Fiber: Sarcomere
- A sarcomere is a region of a myofibril spanning two Z-lines.
- It's the smallest repetitive subunit of the contractile apparatus in a muscle fiber.
- Sarcomeres are 1.5-2 um long in a resting muscle and consist of thread-like structures called filaments.
Components of Skeletal Muscle Cell: Myofilaments
- 1,000-2,000 myofilaments are arranged parallel to the sarcomere's long axis.
- Two types of myofilaments: thick and thin.
- Thick myofilaments are in the midzone of the sarcomere, spanning the A-band region with a diameter of 15 nm and a length of 1.5 um which contain myosin.
Components of Skeletal Muscle Cell: Thick Myofilaments
- Two myosin heavy chains and two myosin heads are constituents.
- Myosin heads bind to the active sites on actin molecules, forming cross-bridges.
- They are connected to the rod portion by a hinge region providing the ability for bending and straightening during contractions and function as ATPase enzymes.
Components of Skeletal Muscle Cell: Thin Myofilaments
- These run between thick filaments and span the A-band region with an 8 nm diameter and 1 um length.
- Thin myofilaments contain actin.
- Thin myofilaments are associated with two regulatory proteins: tropomyosin and troponin.
Components of Skeletal Muscle Cell: Thin Myofilaments specifics
- Thin myofilaments have globular (G) actin.
- Globular actin contains receptor sites for myosin heads.
- Tropomyosin covers the active sites on G actin subunits in a relaxed muscle.
- Troponin attaches to tropomyosin, binds to calcium, and regulates the interaction between actin and myosin.
Muscle Contraction
- Electrical and mechanical components are involved in muscle contraction.
- Key components which respond to and transmit electrical signals: sarcolemma, transverse tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- The mechanical components are myofibrils and myofilaments.
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