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Questions and Answers
[Blank] tissue is composed of contractile cells and facilitates movement.
[Blank] tissue is composed of contractile cells and facilitates movement.
Muscle
[Blank] muscle cells are characterized by cross-striations observable at the light microscope level.
[Blank] muscle cells are characterized by cross-striations observable at the light microscope level.
Striated
[Blank] muscle is responsible for movement of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
[Blank] muscle is responsible for movement of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Skeletal
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is referred to as ______.
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is referred to as ______.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the muscles is known as ______ reticulum.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the muscles is known as ______ reticulum.
The process of ______ is a function of muscle that involves the movement of the body.
The process of ______ is a function of muscle that involves the movement of the body.
[Blank] is a function of the muscle that maintains body positioning.
[Blank] is a function of the muscle that maintains body positioning.
[Blank] is a function of the muscle that provides the ability to produce exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
[Blank] is a function of the muscle that provides the ability to produce exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The function of the muscle that allows muscles to generate heat is called ______.
The function of the muscle that allows muscles to generate heat is called ______.
The function of the muscle that provides expression, writing and gestures is called ______.
The function of the muscle that provides expression, writing and gestures is called ______.
The function of the muscle that is controlled by smooth muscle action on vessels and organs is called the ______.
The function of the muscle that is controlled by smooth muscle action on vessels and organs is called the ______.
The function of muscle to pump blood through the body is called ______.
The function of muscle to pump blood through the body is called ______.
[Blank] is a property of the muscle defined as the ability to contract.
[Blank] is a property of the muscle defined as the ability to contract.
[Blank] is a property of muscle tissue referring to the ability to respond to stimuli.
[Blank] is a property of muscle tissue referring to the ability to respond to stimuli.
[Blank] is a property of muscle tissue referring to that is can be stretched.
[Blank] is a property of muscle tissue referring to that is can be stretched.
[Blank] is a property of muscle tissue referring to the ability to return to original shape.
[Blank] is a property of muscle tissue referring to the ability to return to original shape.
A skeletal ______ is comprised of muscle cells that are long and multinucleated.
A skeletal ______ is comprised of muscle cells that are long and multinucleated.
Thick dense irregular connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle is called ______.
Thick dense irregular connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle is called ______.
Thin connective tissue that surrounds each bundle of muscle fibers termed fascicle is the ______.
Thin connective tissue that surrounds each bundle of muscle fibers termed fascicle is the ______.
Very thin reticular fibers surrounding individual muscle fiber is called ______.
Very thin reticular fibers surrounding individual muscle fiber is called ______.
The triad of the skeletal muscle fiber consists of a transverse tubule plus two terminal ______.
The triad of the skeletal muscle fiber consists of a transverse tubule plus two terminal ______.
A repeating functional unit of a myofibril is a ______.
A repeating functional unit of a myofibril is a ______.
Myofibrils show transverse striations of alternating light and dark ______.
Myofibrils show transverse striations of alternating light and dark ______.
The region of a myofibril that spans two Z-lines is a ______.
The region of a myofibril that spans two Z-lines is a ______.
The myofilaments that compose the sarcomere are composed of ______ and thin myofilaments.
The myofilaments that compose the sarcomere are composed of ______ and thin myofilaments.
[Blank] myofilaments contain myosin
[Blank] myofilaments contain myosin
[Blank] and troponin are associated regulatory proteins in the myofilaments.
[Blank] and troponin are associated regulatory proteins in the myofilaments.
Globular actin contains receptor sites for ______ head.
Globular actin contains receptor sites for ______ head.
[Blank] covers the active sites on the G actin subunits is relaxed muscle.
[Blank] covers the active sites on the G actin subunits is relaxed muscle.
[Blank] binds to calcium in striated muscle.
[Blank] binds to calcium in striated muscle.
Three muscle fiber components that respond and transmit electrical signals are sarcolemma transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic ______
Three muscle fiber components that respond and transmit electrical signals are sarcolemma transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic ______
[Blank] are two structures in muscle fiber responsible for contraction.
[Blank] are two structures in muscle fiber responsible for contraction.
A nerve impulse triggers release of ______ from the synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.
A nerve impulse triggers release of ______ from the synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.
As the muscle impulse spreads quickly from the sarcolemma T tubules, ______ ions are released from terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm
As the muscle impulse spreads quickly from the sarcolemma T tubules, ______ ions are released from terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm
Calcium ions bind to ______, troponin changes shape, moving tropomyosin on the actin to expose active sites on actin molecules of thin filaments.
Calcium ions bind to ______, troponin changes shape, moving tropomyosin on the actin to expose active sites on actin molecules of thin filaments.
Myosin heads pivot, moving thin filaments toward the ______ center
Myosin heads pivot, moving thin filaments toward the ______ center
Postural muscles of the back are ______ oxidative fibers.
Postural muscles of the back are ______ oxidative fibers.
Anaerobic glycolysis is the major fuel source of ______ fibers
Anaerobic glycolysis is the major fuel source of ______ fibers
[Blank] of the muscle refers to its properties of movement
[Blank] of the muscle refers to its properties of movement
The capacity of muscle tissue that allows it to return to its original length after being stretched is known as ______.
The capacity of muscle tissue that allows it to return to its original length after being stretched is known as ______.
The connective tissue that surrounds each bundle of muscle fibers, known as a fascicle is called the ______.
The connective tissue that surrounds each bundle of muscle fibers, known as a fascicle is called the ______.
Within a muscle fiber, the ______ is the region of a myofibril that spans between two Z-lines, crucial for muscle contraction.
Within a muscle fiber, the ______ is the region of a myofibril that spans between two Z-lines, crucial for muscle contraction.
In skeletal muscle, the impulse spreads quickly from the sarcolemma along ______, calcium ions are released from terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm.
In skeletal muscle, the impulse spreads quickly from the sarcolemma along ______, calcium ions are released from terminal cisternae into the sarcoplasm.
The property of muscle tissue that allows it to shorten and generate force is known as ______.
The property of muscle tissue that allows it to shorten and generate force is known as ______.
The muscle fiber component, containing sarcolemma
, transverse tubules
, and sarcoplasmic reticulum
, is known as the ______ component of muscle contraction.
The muscle fiber component, containing sarcolemma
, transverse tubules
, and sarcoplasmic reticulum
, is known as the ______ component of muscle contraction.
The ______ muscle tissue is further sub classified into skeletal, visceral striated, and cardiac based on location.
The ______ muscle tissue is further sub classified into skeletal, visceral striated, and cardiac based on location.
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is specifically referred to as ______, which contains organelles, enzymes, and other cellular components necessary for muscle function.
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is specifically referred to as ______, which contains organelles, enzymes, and other cellular components necessary for muscle function.
The ______ is a thin connective tissue layer that directly surrounds individual muscle fibers, providing support and facilitating nutrient exchange.
The ______ is a thin connective tissue layer that directly surrounds individual muscle fibers, providing support and facilitating nutrient exchange.
In skeletal muscle fibers, transverse striations are due to alternating ______ and dark bands, which reflect the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments.
In skeletal muscle fibers, transverse striations are due to alternating ______ and dark bands, which reflect the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments.
Flashcards
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Tissue made of contractile cells, responsible for movement.
Striated Muscle
Striated Muscle
Muscle tissue type that shows cross-striations under a light microscope.
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muscle tissue type lacking cross-striations.
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
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Visceral Striated Muscle
Visceral Striated Muscle
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Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Muscle Fibers
Muscle Fibers
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Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasm
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Sarcolemma
Sarcolemma
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Sarcosomes
Sarcosomes
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Contractility
Contractility
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Excitability
Excitability
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Extensibility
Extensibility
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Elasticity
Elasticity
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Long and multinucleated
Long and multinucleated
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Epimysium
Epimysium
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Perimysium
Perimysium
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Endomysium
Endomysium
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Sarcomeres
Sarcomeres
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Sarcomere
Sarcomere
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Tropomyosin and Troponin
Tropomyosin and Troponin
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Sarcolemma, Transverse Tubules, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Sarcolemma, Transverse Tubules, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Myofibril and Myofilament
Myofibril and Myofilament
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Study Notes
- Unit 3 focuses on muscular tissue
- This lecture is for Human Histology (MT120225) for the second semester of the academic year 2024-2025
- Muscle Tissue = contractile cells responsible for movement
- Muscle cells originate from the mesoderm
Classification of Muscles (Appearance)
- Striated Muscles: Exhibit cross-striations visible via light microscopy
- Smooth Muscles: Lacks cross-striations
Classification of Striated Muscles (Location)
- Skeletal Muscles: Facilitate movement of the axial and appendicular skeleton
- Visceral Striated Muscles: Confined to soft tissues and involved in speech, breathing, and swallowing
- Cardiac Muscles: Found in the heart wall and the base of large veins entering the heart
Muscle Tissue Terminology
- Muscle Cells = Fibers
- Cytoplasm = Sarcoplasm
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum = Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- Cell Membrane = Sarcolemma
- Mitochondria = Sarcosomes
Muscle Functions
- Movement of Body
- Maintenance of Posture
- Respiration
- Production of Body Heat
- Communication
- Constriction of Organs and Vessels
- Contraction of the Heart
Properties of Muscle Tissue
- Contractility
- Excitability
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
Skeletal Muscle
- Skeletal Muscle: Composed of long, multinucleated muscle cells
Connective Tissue Coverings of Skeletal Muscle
- Epimysium: A thick, dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle and contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
- Perimysium: surrounds fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers) - contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
- Endomysium: very thin reticular fibers surrounding individual muscle fibers
Myofibril
- Myofibrils range from 5,000 to 10,000 per muscle fiber extending the entire length
- Myofibrils have a diameter of 1-2 um
- Myofibrils run parallel to the cells long axis
- Myofibrils are made of repeating sarcomeres
- Myofibrils exhibit transverse striations with alternating light and dark bands
Sarcomere structure
- Sarcomere: region of myofibril between two Z lines
- The smallest contractile unit of muscle fiber
- 1.5-2 um long in resting muscle
- Composed of thread like structures called filaments
Myofilaments
- Within the sarcomere, 1,000-2,000 are arranged parallel to the long axis
- Two types: thick and thin
- Thick myofilaments reside in the midzone (spans A band region), diameter of 15 nm, length of 1.5 um, and contain myosin
Myosin details
- Thick myofilaments are composed of two myosin heavy chains
- Two myosin heads can bind to active sites on actin to form cross bridges
- Has a hinge region for bending and straightening during contraction
- Heads have ATPase enzymes
Actin details
- Thin myofilaments run between thick filaments, spanning the A band region
- Diameter of 8 nm, length of 1 um and contain actin
- Associated regulatory proteins: tropomyosin and troponin
Thin myofilaments
- Globular (G) actin has myosin head receptor sites
- Tropomyosin covers actin in relaxed muscles
- Troponin attaches to tropomyosin
- Troponin binds to calcium and regulates actin and myosin interaction
Muscle Contraction
- Two primary components: electrical and mechanical
- Electrical: sarcolemma, transverse tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum transmit electrical signals
- Mechanical: myofibril and myofilament responsible for contraction
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