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Questions and Answers
Human Herpes Virus - 1 is primarily latent in the thoracic ganglia.
Human Herpes Virus - 1 is primarily latent in the thoracic ganglia.
False (B)
Human Herpes Virus - 3 can cause herpes zoster ophthalmicus if the CN V1 branch is involved.
Human Herpes Virus - 3 can cause herpes zoster ophthalmicus if the CN V1 branch is involved.
True (A)
The most common cause of sporadic encephalitis is Human Herpes Virus - 2.
The most common cause of sporadic encephalitis is Human Herpes Virus - 2.
False (B)
Human Herpes Virus - 4 is known as the 'kissing disease' and is commonly spread through respiratory secretions.
Human Herpes Virus - 4 is known as the 'kissing disease' and is commonly spread through respiratory secretions.
Human Herpes Virus - 5 does not cause any complications in immunocompromised patients.
Human Herpes Virus - 5 does not cause any complications in immunocompromised patients.
Roseola infantum is caused by Human Herpes Virus - 7 and is characterized by high fevers followed by a rash.
Roseola infantum is caused by Human Herpes Virus - 7 and is characterized by high fevers followed by a rash.
Human Herpes Virus - 8 is associated with Kaposi sarcoma and primarily spread through respiratory droplets.
Human Herpes Virus - 8 is associated with Kaposi sarcoma and primarily spread through respiratory droplets.
Infection with Human Herpes Virus - 2 is more likely to result in viral meningitis compared to Human Herpes Virus - 1.
Infection with Human Herpes Virus - 2 is more likely to result in viral meningitis compared to Human Herpes Virus - 1.
The presence of atypical lymphocytes in a peripheral blood smear is indicative of an infection with Human Herpes Virus - 4.
The presence of atypical lymphocytes in a peripheral blood smear is indicative of an infection with Human Herpes Virus - 4.
Human Herpes Virus - 6 is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Human Herpes Virus - 6 is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Human Herpes Virus - 3 is commonly transmitted through respiratory secretions and vesicular fluid.
Human Herpes Virus - 3 is commonly transmitted through respiratory secretions and vesicular fluid.
The most common cause of viral meningitis is Human Herpes Virus - 1.
The most common cause of viral meningitis is Human Herpes Virus - 1.
Atypical lymphocytes detected in a peripheral blood smear indicate an infection with Human Herpes Virus - 5.
Atypical lymphocytes detected in a peripheral blood smear indicate an infection with Human Herpes Virus - 5.
Human Herpes Virus - 7 causes a condition known as exanthem subitum.
Human Herpes Virus - 7 causes a condition known as exanthem subitum.
Transmission of Human Herpes Virus - 5 can occur through transfusions as well as sexual intercourse.
Transmission of Human Herpes Virus - 5 can occur through transfusions as well as sexual intercourse.
Human Herpes Virus - 4 is primarily latent in the trigeminal ganglia.
Human Herpes Virus - 4 is primarily latent in the trigeminal ganglia.
The presence of 'owl eye' intranuclear inclusions is a characteristic of Human Herpes Virus - 4.
The presence of 'owl eye' intranuclear inclusions is a characteristic of Human Herpes Virus - 4.
Human Herpes Virus - 6 is known for causing severe complications in immunocompetent patients.
Human Herpes Virus - 6 is known for causing severe complications in immunocompetent patients.
Human Herpes Virus - 2 is primarily latent in the sacral ganglia.
Human Herpes Virus - 2 is primarily latent in the sacral ganglia.
Human Herpes Virus - 8 can cause neoplasms of endothelial cells, specifically Kaposi sarcoma.
Human Herpes Virus - 8 can cause neoplasms of endothelial cells, specifically Kaposi sarcoma.
Human Herpes Virus - 1 is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis.
Human Herpes Virus - 1 is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis.
Human Herpes Virus - 3 is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Human Herpes Virus - 3 is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse.
The presence of 'owl eye' intranuclear inclusions is a characteristic of Human Herpes Virus - 5.
The presence of 'owl eye' intranuclear inclusions is a characteristic of Human Herpes Virus - 5.
Human Herpes Virus - 4 commonly causes a condition known as exanthem subitum.
Human Herpes Virus - 4 commonly causes a condition known as exanthem subitum.
The most common complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia.
The most common complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia.
Infection with Human Herpes Virus - 2 is less likely to cause viral meningitis compared to Human Herpes Virus - 1.
Infection with Human Herpes Virus - 2 is less likely to cause viral meningitis compared to Human Herpes Virus - 1.
Human Herpes Virus - 6 is commonly transmitted through saliva.
Human Herpes Virus - 6 is commonly transmitted through saliva.
Human Herpes Virus - 8 primarily affects endothelial cells and is associated with Kaposi sarcoma.
Human Herpes Virus - 8 primarily affects endothelial cells and is associated with Kaposi sarcoma.
The primary latent site for Human Herpes Virus - 2 is in the trigeminal ganglia.
The primary latent site for Human Herpes Virus - 2 is in the trigeminal ganglia.
Human Herpes Virus - 5 can be transmitted through congenital methods.
Human Herpes Virus - 5 can be transmitted through congenital methods.
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Study Notes
General Information on Human Herpes Viruses
-
Human Herpes Virus - 1 (HHV-1)
- Infectious via respiratory droplets and saliva.
- Causes conditions like gingivostomatitis, cold sores, temporal lobe encephalitis, and a variety of skin and esophageal disorders.
- Increasingly linked to herpes genitalis.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 2 (HHV-2)
- Transmitted through sexual contact and perianal routes.
- Primarily results in herpes genitalis and neonatal herpes.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 3 (HHV-3)
- Spread through respiratory droplets and vesicular fluid.
- Responsible for chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster); can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.
- Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common chronic outcome of shingles.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 4 (HHV-4)
- Spread via respiratory secretions and saliva; commonly known as "kissing disease."
- Causes mononucleosis, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy.
- Associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, particularly in certain demographics.
- Risk of splenic rupture; sports should be avoided until recovery.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 5 (HHV-5 or CMV)
- Transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, congenital methods, saliva, and urine.
- In healthy individuals, causes a mononucleosis-like syndrome; in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to pneumonia, retinitis, and esophagitis.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7)
- Both primarily transmitted via saliva.
- HHV-6 is associated with no specific diseases but is linked with roseola infantum characterized by high fevers followed by a macular rash in children.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 8 (HHV-8)
- Transmitted through sexual contact, primarily associated with HIV/AIDS.
- Causes Kaposi sarcoma, characterized by violaceous lesions and can affect internal organs.
Specific Information on Selected Human Herpes Viruses
-
HHV-1 and HHV-2 Latency
- HHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglia, while HHV-2 is found in the sacral ganglia.
-
Specific Diseases: HHV-1 and HHV-2
- HHV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic encephalitis.
- Viral meningitis occurs more frequently with HHV-2, marked by symptoms like altered mental status and seizures.
-
HHV-3 Latency and Complications
- Latent infection occurs in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia.
- Reactivation can cause herpes zoster ophthalmicus, involving the branch of CN V1.
-
HHV-4 Specific Characteristics
- Infects B cells via CD21 receptors.
- Atypical lymphocytes appear on blood smears due to reactive cytotoxic T cell response.
- Positive Monospot test indicates the presence of heterophile antibodies.
- Amoxicillin can precipitate a rash in the presence of infection.
-
HHV-5 Specific Inclusions and Latency
- Characterized by "owl eye" intranuclear inclusions in infected cells.
- Latent infection resides primarily in mononuclear cells, complicating immune responses.
General Information on Human Herpes Viruses
-
Human Herpes Virus - 1 (HHV-1)
- Infectious via respiratory droplets and saliva.
- Causes conditions like gingivostomatitis, cold sores, temporal lobe encephalitis, and a variety of skin and esophageal disorders.
- Increasingly linked to herpes genitalis.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 2 (HHV-2)
- Transmitted through sexual contact and perianal routes.
- Primarily results in herpes genitalis and neonatal herpes.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 3 (HHV-3)
- Spread through respiratory droplets and vesicular fluid.
- Responsible for chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster); can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.
- Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common chronic outcome of shingles.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 4 (HHV-4)
- Spread via respiratory secretions and saliva; commonly known as "kissing disease."
- Causes mononucleosis, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy.
- Associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, particularly in certain demographics.
- Risk of splenic rupture; sports should be avoided until recovery.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 5 (HHV-5 or CMV)
- Transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, congenital methods, saliva, and urine.
- In healthy individuals, causes a mononucleosis-like syndrome; in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to pneumonia, retinitis, and esophagitis.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7)
- Both primarily transmitted via saliva.
- HHV-6 is associated with no specific diseases but is linked with roseola infantum characterized by high fevers followed by a macular rash in children.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 8 (HHV-8)
- Transmitted through sexual contact, primarily associated with HIV/AIDS.
- Causes Kaposi sarcoma, characterized by violaceous lesions and can affect internal organs.
Specific Information on Selected Human Herpes Viruses
-
HHV-1 and HHV-2 Latency
- HHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglia, while HHV-2 is found in the sacral ganglia.
-
Specific Diseases: HHV-1 and HHV-2
- HHV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic encephalitis.
- Viral meningitis occurs more frequently with HHV-2, marked by symptoms like altered mental status and seizures.
-
HHV-3 Latency and Complications
- Latent infection occurs in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia.
- Reactivation can cause herpes zoster ophthalmicus, involving the branch of CN V1.
-
HHV-4 Specific Characteristics
- Infects B cells via CD21 receptors.
- Atypical lymphocytes appear on blood smears due to reactive cytotoxic T cell response.
- Positive Monospot test indicates the presence of heterophile antibodies.
- Amoxicillin can precipitate a rash in the presence of infection.
-
HHV-5 Specific Inclusions and Latency
- Characterized by "owl eye" intranuclear inclusions in infected cells.
- Latent infection resides primarily in mononuclear cells, complicating immune responses.
General Information on Human Herpes Viruses
-
Human Herpes Virus - 1 (HHV-1)
- Infectious via respiratory droplets and saliva.
- Causes conditions like gingivostomatitis, cold sores, temporal lobe encephalitis, and a variety of skin and esophageal disorders.
- Increasingly linked to herpes genitalis.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 2 (HHV-2)
- Transmitted through sexual contact and perianal routes.
- Primarily results in herpes genitalis and neonatal herpes.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 3 (HHV-3)
- Spread through respiratory droplets and vesicular fluid.
- Responsible for chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster); can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.
- Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common chronic outcome of shingles.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 4 (HHV-4)
- Spread via respiratory secretions and saliva; commonly known as "kissing disease."
- Causes mononucleosis, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy.
- Associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, particularly in certain demographics.
- Risk of splenic rupture; sports should be avoided until recovery.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 5 (HHV-5 or CMV)
- Transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, congenital methods, saliva, and urine.
- In healthy individuals, causes a mononucleosis-like syndrome; in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to pneumonia, retinitis, and esophagitis.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7)
- Both primarily transmitted via saliva.
- HHV-6 is associated with no specific diseases but is linked with roseola infantum characterized by high fevers followed by a macular rash in children.
-
Human Herpes Virus - 8 (HHV-8)
- Transmitted through sexual contact, primarily associated with HIV/AIDS.
- Causes Kaposi sarcoma, characterized by violaceous lesions and can affect internal organs.
Specific Information on Selected Human Herpes Viruses
-
HHV-1 and HHV-2 Latency
- HHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglia, while HHV-2 is found in the sacral ganglia.
-
Specific Diseases: HHV-1 and HHV-2
- HHV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic encephalitis.
- Viral meningitis occurs more frequently with HHV-2, marked by symptoms like altered mental status and seizures.
-
HHV-3 Latency and Complications
- Latent infection occurs in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia.
- Reactivation can cause herpes zoster ophthalmicus, involving the branch of CN V1.
-
HHV-4 Specific Characteristics
- Infects B cells via CD21 receptors.
- Atypical lymphocytes appear on blood smears due to reactive cytotoxic T cell response.
- Positive Monospot test indicates the presence of heterophile antibodies.
- Amoxicillin can precipitate a rash in the presence of infection.
-
HHV-5 Specific Inclusions and Latency
- Characterized by "owl eye" intranuclear inclusions in infected cells.
- Latent infection resides primarily in mononuclear cells, complicating immune responses.
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