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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
What is the primary function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
- To protect the artery and provide strength (correct)
- To facilitate gas exchange
- To assist in nutrient absorption
- To regulate blood pressure
Which type of artery is characterized by a thicker tunica media and is more muscular?
Which type of artery is characterized by a thicker tunica media and is more muscular?
- Elastic arteries
- Muscular arteries (correct)
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
What is a defining feature of capillaries?
What is a defining feature of capillaries?
- They contain multiple muscle layers
- They are the largest blood vessels
- They are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells (correct)
- They have thick walls for strength
Which type of capillary has pores for high rates of exchange of small molecules?
Which type of capillary has pores for high rates of exchange of small molecules?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
What best describes the structure of veins in comparison to arteries?
What best describes the structure of veins in comparison to arteries?
Which of the following is true about arterioles?
Which of the following is true about arterioles?
What type of capillaries are known for being wide and leaky, facilitating the exchange of proteins and cells?
What type of capillaries are known for being wide and leaky, facilitating the exchange of proteins and cells?
What is the primary function of the fibrous pericardium surrounding the heart?
What is the primary function of the fibrous pericardium surrounding the heart?
Which layer of the heart is responsible for the contraction of heart muscle?
Which layer of the heart is responsible for the contraction of heart muscle?
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
Which blood vessels bring oxygenated blood back to the heart?
Which blood vessels bring oxygenated blood back to the heart?
Which layer of the heart wall is also known as the epicardium?
Which layer of the heart wall is also known as the epicardium?
The location of the base of the heart is described as:
The location of the base of the heart is described as:
What is the primary component of the tunica media in blood vessels?
What is the primary component of the tunica media in blood vessels?
Which structure acts as a space that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium?
Which structure acts as a space that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium?
Flashcards
Heart chambers
Heart chambers
The four hollow spaces within the heart (two atria and two ventricles) that receive and pump blood.
Heart valves
Heart valves
Structures that control blood flow in one direction through the heart, preventing backflow.
Coronary arteries
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.
Sinoatrial node
Sinoatrial node
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Pericardium
Pericardium
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Myocardium
Myocardium
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Blood flow
Blood flow
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Blood vessels
Blood vessels
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Tunica Externa (Adventitia)
Tunica Externa (Adventitia)
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Elastic Arteries
Elastic Arteries
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Muscular Arteries
Muscular Arteries
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Capillaries
Capillaries
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Continuous Capillaries
Continuous Capillaries
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Fenestrated Capillaries
Fenestrated Capillaries
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Venules
Venules
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Functions of Lymphatic System
Functions of Lymphatic System
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Study Notes
Heart
- A fist-sized muscular organ, key to circulatory system
- Located within the thorax
- Apex (narrow, inferior)
- Base (broad, superior)
- Coverings (2 primary layers):
- Fibrous pericardium (strong, dense connective tissue, holds heart)
- Serous pericardium (2 layers)
- Parietal layer (inner fibrous layer)
- Pericardial cavity (space b/w layers, fluid reduces friction)
- Visceral layer (epicardium, outer heart layer)
- Heart wall layers (3):
- Epicardium (outer layer)
- Myocardium (cardiac muscle cells, middle layer)
- Endocardium (inner layer, simple squamous epithelium)
- Four heart valves control blood flow:
- Vena Cavae (enter heart)
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Pulmonary trunk/arteries (carry CO2-filled blood)
- Pulmonary capillaries
- Pulmonary veins (carry O2-enriched blood)
- Left atrium
- Mitral valve
- Left ventricle
- Aortic valve
- Aorta (exit heart)
Heart Conduction System
- Pathway for electrical signals
- Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
- Atrioventricular node
Blood Supply to the Heart
- Coronary arteries (branching from aorta)
- Left coronary artery
- Right coronary artery
- Coronary sinus
Blood Vessels
- Structure
- Tunica intima (inner layer, endothelium)
- Tunica media (middle layer, elastic fibers and smooth muscle)
- Tunica externa (outer layer, connective tissue)
- Types
- Elastic arteries (e.g., aorta)
- Muscular arteries
- Arterioles (smallest arteries)
- Capillaries (smallest vessels, exchange of materials)
- Continuous capillaries
- Fenestrated capillaries
- Sinusoids
- Venules (smallest veins)
- Veins
Lymphatic and Immune System
- Functions:
- Return lymph to bloodstream
- Return leaked proteins
- Carry absorbed fats from intestines
- Lymph: fluid
- Lymphatic capillaries
- Collecting vessels
- Lymph nodes (clean lymph)
- Lymph trunks
- Collecting ducts (empty into veins)
- About 500 lymph nodes in human body
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