Human Genetics Quiz

DNA does not directly control the quality of the protein produced. While DNA dictates the amino acid sequence, the folding and function of the protein (i.e., its quality) are influenced by other factors like cellular environment and post-translational modifications.

Genetics is the study of heredity, focusing on how genes are passed down, their structure, function, and variations. The study encompasses the function of single genes, specific DNA sequences, and how these relate to heredity and traits.

Down's syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene that makes hemoglobin, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, resulting in thick, sticky mucus buildup. Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene, affecting bone growth.

The clinical implications of human genetics in dentistry include social and future prevention impacts, but ethnic impact is not directly a consequence of the genetic information itself. Ethnic groups may have higher prevalence of certain genetic conditions, but this is a consequence of population genetics, not a direct impact on care.

Enamel demineralization is the loss of minerals from the enamel due to acidic attacks. This is primarily influenced by dietary habits and oral hygiene, not genetic factors.

Mendel's principle of inheritance states that alleles, alternative forms of a gene, are responsible for traits and segregate during gamete formation. However, 'alleles have specific segregation' implies a predetermined outcome for each allele, which is not true. Allele segregation is probabilistic and environmental influences can also affect phenotype expression.

While 'dominant' alleles influence the phenotype, they don't always completely overshadow the recessive alleles. Phenotype expression is complex and depends on a combination of genetic and environmental factors.