Ch 7: Human gaseous exchange
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the tube situated in front of the esophagus?

  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Nasal cavities
  • Trachea (correct)

    • What is the role of goblet cells in the nasal cavities?

  • Produce cartilage
  • Produce oxygen
  • Produce mucus (correct)
  • Produce carbon dioxide

    • What is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea?

  • Warm the air
  • Produce mucus
  • Allow air passage into the lungs
  • Prevent collapse and provide support (correct)

    • Where does the trachea branch into left and right bronchi?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the respiratory system is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air?

    <p>Nasal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cilia in the nasal passages?

    <p>Sweep mucus out of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the respiratory system lacks cartilage?

    <p>Bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bronchioles in the respiratory system?

    <p>Allows for gas exchange in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is composed of epithelial and goblet cells?

    <p>Nasal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to air as it enters the respiratory system through the nasal passages?

    <p>Filtering and warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs in the human body?

    <p>Exchange of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the lungs facilitates the diffusion of gases between air and blood due to its thin walls?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles are responsible for expanding and contracting the ribcage during breathing?

    <p>Diaphragm and intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>Contract and flatten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exhalation, what is the role of the diaphragm?

    <p>Relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about inhaled air compared to exhaled air?

    <p>Exhaled air has higher oxygen concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during exercise that leads to an increase in breathing rate?

    <p>Increased carbon dioxide production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pulse rate change during exercise?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does internal gaseous exchange occur in the human body?

    <p>Between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In external gaseous exchange in the lungs, where does oxygen from inhaled air diffuse to?

    <p>Into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for regulating breathing in the body?

    <p>The respiratory center in the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a negative feedback mechanism, what happens when carbon dioxide levels rise?

    <p>Breathing rate and depth increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond to a decrease in oxygen availability at higher altitudes?

    <p>By enhancing oxygen transport through increased red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that impacts gaseous exchange at high altitudes?

    <p>Reduction in oxygen availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the respiratory center do when carbon dioxide levels decrease below normal?

    <p>Increases breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation occurs in the body to enhance oxygen transport at high altitudes?

    <p>Increased red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location in the body contains receptors that signal the respiratory center about changes in carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>The carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a decrease in red blood cell production affect oxygen transport?

    <p>Decreases oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gaseous exchange when oxygen uptake is decreased by the blood and tissues?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body ensure efficient gas exchange and oxygen delivery to tissues?

    <p>By monitoring carbon dioxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the respiratory system is commonly known as the windpipe?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the bronchioles in the respiratory system?

    <p>Allowing air passage into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea?

    <p>Supporting the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of goblet cells in the nasal cavities?

    <p>Producing mucus to trap dirt and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system humidifies, warms, and filters the air as it enters the body?

    <p>Nasal Cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when carbon dioxide levels increase above normal in the body?

    <p>Breathing rate increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bronchi in the respiratory system?

    <p>Allowing air passage into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure ensures the smooth passage of air into the respiratory system?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the epithelial cells in the respiratory system?

    <p>Filtering the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of air passages in the respiratory system lacks cartilage?

    <p>Bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the respiratory center in the brainstem?

    <p>Regulates breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the negative feedback mechanism respond when carbon dioxide levels rise?

    <p>Signals an increase in breathing rate and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At higher altitudes, what impact does the decreased oxygen availability have?

    <p>Reduces oxygen uptake by the blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body adapt to high altitude environments?

    <p>Increases red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting gaseous exchange at high altitudes?

    <p>Lower atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of breathing regulation, what happens when carbon dioxide levels decrease below normal?

    <p>Stimulates an increase in breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gaseous exchange impacted by the thinner air at higher altitudes?

    <p>Decreases oxygen availability for uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation occurs in response to the decreased oxygen availability at high altitudes?

    <p>Enhanced red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond to decreased oxygen uptake by the blood and tissues?

    <p>Impacts gaseous exchange efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does atmospheric pressure play in altitude and gaseous exchange?

    <p>Increases oxygen concentration at higher altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>Facilitating the diffusion of gases between air and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inhalation, what causes a decrease in air pressure within the lungs?

    <p>Contraction of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intercostal muscles during breathing?

    <p>Expanding and contracting the ribcage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the diaphragm during exhalation?

    <p>Relaxing to increase lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhaled air compared to exhaled air has a higher concentration of which gas?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of internal gaseous exchange in humans?

    <p>Facilitating the exchange of gases between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the respiratory system is essential for increasing thoracic volume during inhalation?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives changes in thoracic volume and air pressure for inhalation and exhalation?

    <p>Contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the dense network of blood capillaries surrounding alveoli?

    <p>To maximize the surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological changes occur in the lungs during gaseous exchange?

    <p>Diffusion of gases between alveoli and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the respiratory center in the brainstem regarding breathing regulation?

    <p>Controlling levels of carbon dioxide in the blood to maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body's feedback mechanism respond when carbon dioxide levels rise?

    <p>Triggers an increase in breathing rate and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At higher altitudes, what change in the air composition impacts gaseous exchange?

    <p>Less oxygen availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body adapt to high altitude environments to enhance oxygen transport?

    <p>Increases red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological impact does the reduction in oxygen availability at high altitudes have on gaseous exchange?

    <p>Results in decreased oxygen uptake by the blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the negative feedback loop related to breathing and carbon dioxide levels ensure efficient gas exchange?

    <p>Restores normal carbon dioxide levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea in the respiratory system?

    <p>Facilitating the passage of air and preventing collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the goblet cells in the nasal cavities within the respiratory system?

    <p>Producing mucus to trap dirt and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bronchioles in the respiratory system?

    <p>Facilitating the passage of air into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the respiratory system, what is the function of the mucous membranes lining the bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>Allowing the passage of air into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the nostrils and nasal cavities as air enters the respiratory system?

    <p>Cilia maintain moisture and cleanliness by sweeping out mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the left and right bronchi in the respiratory system?

    <p>Transporting air into the lungs for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle plays a vital role in increasing thoracic volume during inhalation?

    <p>Quadratus lumborum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers each lung and reduces friction during breathing?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contract during exhalation to decrease thoracic volume?

    <p>Serratus posterior inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the alveoli and maximizes surface area for efficient gas exchange?

    <p>Blood capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the bronchioles contribute to respiration?

    <p>Facilitation of gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the intercostal muscles during breathing?

    <p>Expansion and contraction of the ribcage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily causes air to flow into the lungs during inhalation?

    <p>Pressure gradient from atmospheric to intrapulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the diaphragm contribute to exhalation?

    <p>Relaxing and reducing thoracic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of a decrease in thoracic volume during exhalation?

    <p>Outward flow of air from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes in the thoracic cavity during exhalation?

    <p>Decreased volume and increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the respiratory center in the brainstem?

    <p>Regulating breathing rate and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond to low oxygen availability at higher altitudes?

    <p>Increasing red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the body experiences a decrease in carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>Decreased breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of high altitude environments on gaseous exchange?

    <p>Decreased oxygen availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the negative feedback loop maintain homeostasis in breathing?

    <p>By restoring normal carbon dioxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea within the respiratory system?

    <p>Supporting the trachea and preventing collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human respiratory system, what is the function of bronchioles?

    <p>Allowing for the passage of air into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dense network of blood capillaries surrounding alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>Facilitating gas exchange by picking up oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the epithelial cells and goblet cells in the nasal cavities contribute to the respiratory system?

    <p>Producing mucus to trap dirt and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the intercostal muscles in the process of breathing?

    <p>Expanding and contracting to change lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the mechanism of breathing?

    <p>Expanding and contracting the ribcage for inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inhalation, what causes a decrease in air pressure within the lungs?

    <p>Contraction of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of exercise on the pulse rate in relation to oxygen delivery?

    <p>Increases to enhance oxygen delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the composition of exhaled air compared to inhaled air from the respiratory system?

    <p>Lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the lungs during respiration?

    <p>Between alveoli and blood capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

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