Human Factors in Performance

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical resting heart rate in adults?

100–120 bpm

40–60 bpm

60–100 bpm (correct)

120–140 bpm

What is Body Mass Index (BMI) primarily used to assess?

The relative body fat of a person

How much an individual's body weight departs from normal for their height (correct)

The essential fat required for health

A person's fitness level regardless of height

Which factor does NOT affect muscular strength?

Genetics (correct)

Temperature

Age

Height

Which of the following is a limitation of using Body Mass Index (BMI)?

BMI ignores physical characteristics variation Signup and view all the answers

What does a greater reduction in heart rate after exercise indicate?

Higher level of cardiac fitness Signup and view all the answers

What does Body Fat Percentage (BFP) measure?

The total mass of fat as a proportion of total body mass Signup and view all the answers

Which type of strength involves static exertion?

Isometric strength Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT considered a classification of dexterity?

Dexterity in body posture Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT a common technique to measure Body Fat Percentage (BFP)?

X-ray methods Signup and view all the answers

What physiological factor does NOT affect visual acuity?

Age of the observer Signup and view all the answers

How is Adult body fat percentage estimated from BMI?

BFP = (1.20 × BMI) + (0.23 × Age) − (10.8 × sex) − 5.4 Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is least likely to provoke change in heart rate?

Sleep Signup and view all the answers

What does heart rate typically measure?

The number of heart contractions per unit of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the closest point of fixation with both eyes referred to as?

Near point of convergence Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT classified as a human factor affecting health?

Diet Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis?

The resistance to a small electric current traveling through the body Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human and Environmental Factors

Human factors include various physiological aspects impacting performance and well-being.
Environmental factors also influence these elements.

Human Factors

Age: A significant factor affecting various physiological processes and behaviors.
Gender: Another aspect influencing potential performance.
Height: Impacts body measurements and potential limitations in tasks.
Weight: Affects body mass index and potential health considerations.
Body Mass Index (BMI): The ratio of weight to height, used to assess body composition. BMI categories are typically used to assess overweight, underweight, or obesity. BMI has limitations, ignoring variations in physique and muscle/fat composition.
Body Fat Percentage: The ratio of total body fat to total body weight, which is a measure of body composition uninfluenced by height and weight.
Heart Rate: A measure of the heart's contractions per minute (bpm). It adapts based on physical demands, activities (like exercise, sleep, stress etc.).
Strength: The ability to exert force. Different strength types exist, like static and dynamic.
Dexterity: Fine motor coordination, especially synchronization of the hands, fingers relative to the eyes. Various classifications exist, like dexterity among fingers.
Visual Acuity: Determines one's ability to see detail. Factors affect eye's ability to ascertain detail, including the physiological capabilities of the visual receptors and nerve pathways that transmit information to the brain.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Defined as body mass divided by height squared (kg/m²).
Used frequently to assess whether an individual's body weight is within a healthy range.
BMI categories are generally useful for classifying individuals. This tool has exceptions for athletes, children, the elderly, and the infirm.

Body Fat Percentage

Determined by dividing total body fat mass by total body weight.
A measure of fitness level, independently measuring body composition without affecting it by height or weight differences.
Includes essential fat – minimum amount needed for physical and physiological health – and storage fat, which is accumulated in adipose tissue.

Heart Rate

Measures the heartbeat's speed, typically in beats per minute (bpm).
Influenced by physical needs, including oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide excretion.
Factors influencing heart rate include exercise, sleep, anxiety, stress, illness, eating, drugs.
Heart rate measurement involves either manual (detecting pulse through palpitation) or electronic methods (e.g., ECG, heart rate monitors).
The resting heart rate is measured when a person is awake, in a stable environment, hasn't recently exerted themselves, and is a crucial measure of fitness and wellness.

Muscular Strength

Ability to exert force. Falls into different kinds of strength, including isometric (static) to dynamic (motion).
Factors impacting strength include personal factors (e.g., age, gender), task influences (e.g., posture, duration), and environmental influences (e.g., temperature).

Dexterity

Coordination of small muscle movements (primarily hands/fingers with eyes).
Classifications can be categorized, based on different body parts.

Visual Acuity

Ability to distinguish fine details, affected by visual receptor ability and nerve pathways to the brain.

Additional Visual Skills (Chernck, 1983)

Visual Acuity: Ability to see fine detail.
Near Point of Convergence: Closest point where target is seen distinctly (using both eyes).
Stereopsis: Ability to perceive depth in three dimensions.
Fusion: Ability to combine two ocular images into a single perception.
Color Vision: Ability to discern colors.
Accommodation: Ability to adjust focus for varied distances.
Eye Movements: Smooth tracking of moving targets.
Visual-Motor Integration: Coordination of eyes and extraocular muscles.

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Description

This quiz explores various human and environmental factors that affect performance and well-being. Key aspects such as age, gender, height, weight, and body composition metrics like BMI and body fat percentage are discussed. Test your understanding of how these factors play a role in physiological processes.