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Podcast
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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
Which structure includes the uvea?
Which structure includes the uvea?
- Choroid (correct)
- Lens
- Optic nerve
- Vitreous
Which statement is true regarding the lens of the eye?
Which statement is true regarding the lens of the eye?
- All stated (correct)
- Ectoderm of origin
- Epithelium is single layer
- Avascular
What is the average axial length of the eyeball?
What is the average axial length of the eyeball?
- 16mm
- 24mm (correct)
- 20mm
- 28mm
Which structure in the human eye has the highest refractive index?
Which structure in the human eye has the highest refractive index?
Which of the following statements about the layers of the cornea is false?
Which of the following statements about the layers of the cornea is false?
At what age can a baby typically follow a bell with their eyes?
At what age can a baby typically follow a bell with their eyes?
Which factor is not responsible for lens transparency?
Which factor is not responsible for lens transparency?
Which is not a feature of right-sided VI nerve palsy?
Which is not a feature of right-sided VI nerve palsy?
Which muscle forms an angle of about 51° with the optical axis?
Which muscle forms an angle of about 51° with the optical axis?
Which statement is not true regarding binocular single vision?
Which statement is not true regarding binocular single vision?
What is the primary treatment for amblyopia in a 3-year-old child?
What is the primary treatment for amblyopia in a 3-year-old child?
A 6-month-old girl with esotropia would most likely have which condition?
A 6-month-old girl with esotropia would most likely have which condition?
Which statement regarding prism adaptation testing in a 4-year-old boy with esotropia is true?
Which statement regarding prism adaptation testing in a 4-year-old boy with esotropia is true?
During a routine eye check-up, which structure cannot be seen through a slit lamp examination?
During a routine eye check-up, which structure cannot be seen through a slit lamp examination?
What is the primary use of an anomaloscope?
What is the primary use of an anomaloscope?
What does the 'Snellen' chart primarily test?
What does the 'Snellen' chart primarily test?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 60-year-old man with sudden onset of floaters and decreased vision in the left eye?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 60-year-old man with sudden onset of floaters and decreased vision in the left eye?
Which type of uveitis is likely responsible for causing vitreous hemorrhage in the context of retinal detachment?
Which type of uveitis is likely responsible for causing vitreous hemorrhage in the context of retinal detachment?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient who struggles to read a newspaper in bright sunlight?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient who struggles to read a newspaper in bright sunlight?
What complication in cataract surgery may be linked to uncontrolled hypertension?
What complication in cataract surgery may be linked to uncontrolled hypertension?
Which association regarding cataracts is accurate?
Which association regarding cataracts is accurate?
What is a true statement about congenital cataract surgery compared to senile cataract surgery?
What is a true statement about congenital cataract surgery compared to senile cataract surgery?
During the assessment for open angle glaucoma, which finding would be most indicative?
During the assessment for open angle glaucoma, which finding would be most indicative?
Which medication is typically not used in a hypertensive patient with glaucoma?
Which medication is typically not used in a hypertensive patient with glaucoma?
Pseudoesotropia is associated with which of the following?
Pseudoesotropia is associated with which of the following?
Which condition is Pseudoextropia associated with?
Which condition is Pseudoextropia associated with?
What is a common treatment for accommodative strabismus?
What is a common treatment for accommodative strabismus?
Which statement about complications following strabismus surgery is true?
Which statement about complications following strabismus surgery is true?
For which condition is Botulinum toxin injection least suitable?
For which condition is Botulinum toxin injection least suitable?
Which of the following is not a source of error in applanation tonometry?
Which of the following is not a source of error in applanation tonometry?
Which condition shows a positive result in a photostress test?
Which condition shows a positive result in a photostress test?
What diagnostic test is not particularly useful for penetrating eye injuries?
What diagnostic test is not particularly useful for penetrating eye injuries?
What is the primary cause of colliquation necrosis in ocular injuries?
What is the primary cause of colliquation necrosis in ocular injuries?
What condition can be inferred from the symptoms of edema of both eyelids and crepitation on palpation?
What condition can be inferred from the symptoms of edema of both eyelids and crepitation on palpation?
From which part of the eye does retinoblastoma arise?
From which part of the eye does retinoblastoma arise?
Which treatment is considered the best option for anterior lesions of retinoblastoma?
Which treatment is considered the best option for anterior lesions of retinoblastoma?
What is the most common clinical manifestation of retinoblastoma?
What is the most common clinical manifestation of retinoblastoma?
Which finding is least likely to be associated with increased intracranial pressure in a patient presenting with visual obscuration?
Which finding is least likely to be associated with increased intracranial pressure in a patient presenting with visual obscuration?
What is the probable diagnosis for a patient with sudden, painless vision loss and a cherry red spot on the fundus?
What is the probable diagnosis for a patient with sudden, painless vision loss and a cherry red spot on the fundus?
In a case of suprachoroidal hemorrhage with an increase in intraocular pressure, which statement is true?
In a case of suprachoroidal hemorrhage with an increase in intraocular pressure, which statement is true?
What is the treatment of choice for the condition presented with visual acuity of 6/6 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left eye with blurred edges of the left optic disc?
What is the treatment of choice for the condition presented with visual acuity of 6/6 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left eye with blurred edges of the left optic disc?
Which stage is identified as subtotal retinal detachment in retinopathy of prematurity?
Which stage is identified as subtotal retinal detachment in retinopathy of prematurity?
Which investigation is not necessary for diagnosing optic neuritis in the patient described?
Which investigation is not necessary for diagnosing optic neuritis in the patient described?
With dilated pupils and lost light reflexes, what is the likely diagnosis?
With dilated pupils and lost light reflexes, what is the likely diagnosis?
In the child presenting with ptosis of the right eye, which cranial nerve palsy is likely related?
In the child presenting with ptosis of the right eye, which cranial nerve palsy is likely related?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gyrate atrophy?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gyrate atrophy?
For a patient with blurred vision, what would be an unexpected finding in the intraocular examination?
For a patient with blurred vision, what would be an unexpected finding in the intraocular examination?
What visual acuity was recorded for the right eye in a patient presenting with sudden loss of vision?
What visual acuity was recorded for the right eye in a patient presenting with sudden loss of vision?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
What is the uvea?
What is the uvea?
The uvea is the middle layer of the eye. It is composed of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris.
True facts about the lens.
True facts about the lens.
The lens of the eye is avascular, meaning it doesn't have blood vessels. It's also derived from the ectoderm and has a single layer of epithelial cells.
What is the average axial length of the eye?
What is the average axial length of the eye?
The average axial length of the eyeball is approximately 24mm. This distance is measured from the front of the cornea to the back of the eye.
Which structure has the highest refractive index?
Which structure has the highest refractive index?
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Layers of the cornea.
Layers of the cornea.
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When does a baby start following objects with their eyes?
When does a baby start following objects with their eyes?
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Which anti-epileptic drug can cause vision problems?
Which anti-epileptic drug can cause vision problems?
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What contributes to lens transparency?
What contributes to lens transparency?
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Superior Oblique Muscle
Superior Oblique Muscle
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Binocular Single Vision
Binocular Single Vision
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Amblyopia
Amblyopia
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Treatment of Amblyopia
Treatment of Amblyopia
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Esotropia in Infants
Esotropia in Infants
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Prism Adaptation Testing
Prism Adaptation Testing
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Vitreous Humor
Vitreous Humor
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Snellen Chart
Snellen Chart
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What is pseudoesotropia?
What is pseudoesotropia?
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What is positive angle kappa associated with?
What is positive angle kappa associated with?
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How is accommodative strabismus treated?
How is accommodative strabismus treated?
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What is the most serious complication in strabismus surgery?
What is the most serious complication in strabismus surgery?
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Why is botulinum toxin injection unsuitable for large angle exotropia?
Why is botulinum toxin injection unsuitable for large angle exotropia?
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What are the sources of error for applanation tonometry?
What are the sources of error for applanation tonometry?
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What does a positive photostress test indicate?
What does a positive photostress test indicate?
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How does an indentation tonometer work?
How does an indentation tonometer work?
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What is a retinal detachment?
What is a retinal detachment?
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What is acute angle-closure glaucoma?
What is acute angle-closure glaucoma?
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What is a cataract?
What is a cataract?
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What is endophthalmitis?
What is endophthalmitis?
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What is presbyopia?
What is presbyopia?
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What is a posterior subcapsular cataract?
What is a posterior subcapsular cataract?
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What is refractive surprise?
What is refractive surprise?
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What is open angle glaucoma?
What is open angle glaucoma?
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Uvea
Uvea
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What causes colliquation necrosis?
What causes colliquation necrosis?
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What does eyelid crepitation indicate?
What does eyelid crepitation indicate?
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Where does Retinoblastoma originate from?
Where does Retinoblastoma originate from?
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What is the treatment of choice for anterior Retinoblastoma?
What is the treatment of choice for anterior Retinoblastoma?
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What is the most common presentation of Retinoblastoma?
What is the most common presentation of Retinoblastoma?
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What can cause transient visual obscurations, headache, and diplopia?
What can cause transient visual obscurations, headache, and diplopia?
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What does a sudden painless loss of vision, cherry-red spot, and murmur suggest?
What does a sudden painless loss of vision, cherry-red spot, and murmur suggest?
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What causes suprachoroidal hemorrhage?
What causes suprachoroidal hemorrhage?
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Ophthalmology Study Notes
- Uvea: The middle layer of the eye, including the choroid.
- Lens of the eye: Avascular, single-layer epithelium, of ectodermal origin.
- Axial length of the eyeball: Approximately 24mm.
- Cornea: Has the highest refractive index in the human eye.
- Corneal layers (except): Type 2 & 4 collagen are present in Descement's membrane. Predescement's layer is also known as Dua's layer. Corneal Stroma is the thickest layer. Endothelium maintains a dehydrated state of the cornea.
- Probable age of a baby following a stethoscope: 5-6 months.
- Drug causing visual field constriction: Vigabatrin (anti-epileptic drug).
- Factors for lens transparency: Hydration, antioxidants, aquaporins; not Avascularity.
- Right sided VI nerve palsy features (not): Inability to abduct the right eye.
- Retinoscopy factors: Distance at 1m, correction factor of -1.0 D.
- Glasses for near work (55-year-old myopic patient): Spherical +2.5 D.
- Cycloplegic retinoscopy: +1.0D sphere at a 1m distance
- Common cause of night blindness: Oguchi disease.
- Structures not in the optical system: sclera, vascular layer, anterior chamber, vitreous humor.
- Focus of spherical lens +0.5 D: 2.0 meters.
- Astigmatism type: Mixed.
- Myopia in one eye at 3D, another eye at 6D: Anisometropia.
- Best Correction of Unilateral Aphakia: Intraocular lens implantation.
- Accommodative lens power: Decreases with age.
- Accomodative lens power at 75 years: Not stated.
- Accomodative lens Power at 80 yrs: 6 diopters
Additional Notes
- Many questions involve patient characteristics, symptoms, and examinations. These details are not summarized as requested, as they are not general concepts in ophthalmology. Always consult the original text for such specific details.
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