Human Evolution and Lifespan

Human Evolution

• Human evolution is the process of change and development of the human species over time
• The human genus, Homo, emerged around 2.8-3.0 million years ago in Africa
• Early human species:
  • Homo habilis (2.8-1.4 million years ago): first species to use tools
  • Homo erectus (1.8-70,000 years ago): migrated out of Africa, controlled fire, and had more advanced tools
  • Homo heidelbergensis (700,000-300,000 years ago): common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals
• Emergence of Homo sapiens (modern humans):
  • Originated in Africa around 300,000 years ago
  • Migrated out of Africa around 60-70,000 years ago, replacing other human species

Longevity and Lifespan

• Longevity: the length of time an individual lives
• Lifespan: the maximum number of years an individual can live
• Factors influencing human longevity and lifespan:
  • Genetics: 20-30% of variation in human lifespan is attributed to genetic factors
  • Lifestyle: diet, exercise, and stress management
  • Environmental factors: access to healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition
  • Epigenetics: gene expression influenced by environmental factors
• Average human lifespan:
  • Currently around 72 years (2019)
  • Increased by around 5-6 years per decade since 1950s
  • Variations across countries and regions due to differing factors
• Maximum human lifespan:
  • Estimated to be around 120-130 years
  • Currently, the longest-lived person on record is Jeanne Calment, who lived to 122 years and 164 days

Test your knowledge of human evolution, from the emergence of Homo genus to the factors influencing human longevity and lifespan. Learn about the different human species, genetic and environmental factors affecting lifespan, and more.