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Human Digestive System: Villi and Absorption

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Human Digestive System: Villi and Absorption

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of micro-villi in the epithelial layer of the villus?

To protect the intestinal wall from pathogens

To secrete digestive hormones

To increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients (correct)

To perform enzymatic digestion of nutrients

Which nutrients follow the blood route after being absorbed by the villi?

Glucose and fat-soluble vitamins

Monosaccharides and amino acids (correct)

Fatty acids and glycerol

Lactate and protein

What is the role of the lacteal vessels in the villi?

To absorb water-soluble vitamins

To carry fat-soluble substances to the lymphatic system (correct)

To filter impurities from the absorbed nutrients

To transport amino acids to the liver

Where do nutrients absorbed by the blood capillaries in the villi ultimately travel to after the liver?

Inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are primarily absorbed through the lymphatic route by the villi?

Vitamins A, D, E, and K Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the structural makeup of villi?

Nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to some fatty acids and glycerol after absorption by the epithelial cells of the villi?

They may recombine to form fats again. Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows for the transport of absorbed fatty acids into the lymphatic system?

Lacteal vessels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Micro-villi

Microscopic finger-like projections extending from the epithelial layer of the villus increasing surface area for absorption.
Located on the intestinal wall of the small intestine.

Structural Components

Blood Vessels:
- Villi contain blood capillaries, an artery, and a vein.
Lymphatic Vessels:
- Villi contain lymphatic vessels called lacteals.

Mechanism of Absorption of Digested Food

Nutrients are absorbed by two routes:
- Blood Route:
  - Absorbs water, mineral salts, monosaccharides, amino acids, and water-soluble vitamins.
  - Substances enter blood capillaries in villi.
  - Nutrient-rich blood passes to hepatic portal vein, then liver.
  - From liver, blood enters hepatic vein, inferior vena cava, and finally the heart.
- Lymphatic Route:
  - Absorbs fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
  - Fatty acids and glycerol may recombine to form fats again in epithelial cells.
  - Fats are absorbed into lacteals in villi and enter the lymphatic system.
  - Lymphatic system empties into the superior vena cava, then to the heart.

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and function of micro-villi in the small intestine, focusing on their role in nutrient absorption. You'll explore the different routes of nutrient absorption through blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as the significance of these processes in digestion.