Human Digestive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is NOT involved in stimulating the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice?

  • Cholecystokinin
  • Secretin
  • Gastrin
  • Insulin (correct)

What is the primary function of the jejunum in the small intestine?

  • Bile secretion
  • Chemical digestion
  • Nutrient absorption (correct)
  • Acid neutralization

What is the first section of the small intestine called?

  • Pylorus
  • Duodenum (correct)
  • Ileum
  • Jejunum

Which type of contraction in the small intestine is characterized by back-and-forth movement?

<p>Segmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Peyer's patches in the ileum?

<p>Immune surveillance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

<p>Absorption of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine serves as a source for immune cells?

<p>Appendix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the ileocecal valve play in the digestion process?

<p>It regulates the movement of material from the ileum to the large intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine forms an S shape before reaching the rectum?

<p>Sigmoid colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the intestinal microbial community?

<p>Producing certain vitamins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

<p>Controlling digestive tract motility and blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the mouth from the nasal cavity?

<p>Hard palate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do mesenteries play in the digestive system?

<p>They support and hold digestive organs in place (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is located just beneath the skin anterior to the ear?

<p>Parotid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT found in saliva?

<p>Proteins for muscle repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

<p>Storing food and preparing it for digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the stomach is where chyme exits to enter the duodenum?

<p>Pylorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do gastric glands play in the stomach?

<p>They produce gastric juice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food?

<p>Cephalic Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it generally take for the stomach to release chyme into the duodenum after a typical meal?

<p>4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucosa in the digestive tract?

<p>To secrete mucus, enzymes, and hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the digestive tract?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the accessory organs from the digestive tract?

<p>Accessory organs function separately to aid digestion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for protecting against disease?

<p>Mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory organ is primarily involved in breaking down food mechanically?

<p>Teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of saliva in the digestive process?

<p>To moisten food and form a bolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth is primarily responsible for tearing food?

<p>Canines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx does food travel through after leaving the oral cavity?

<p>Oropharynx and laryngopharynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus?

<p>Lower esophageal sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the glands in the esophagus play?

<p>Secreting mucus to lubricate the bolus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the liver in the digestive process?

<p>Filtering toxins and recycling old red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the gastric secretion during the cephalic phase?

<p>The anticipation of food entering the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder?

<p>Storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the pancreas?

<p>It has both endocrine and exocrine functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of gastric secretion does the duodenum inhibit gastric secretion?

<p>Intestinal Phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Small Intestine Job

Primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

Duodenum

First 10 inches of the small intestine, receiving chyme and digestive juices.

Jejunum Section

8 feet after Duodenum, prime absorption spot

Segmentation

Ring-like contractions mixing food with digestive juices in the small intestine.

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Cholecystokinin, Gastrin and Secretin

These 3 hormones stimulate the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice.

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Large Intestine Function

Absorbs water from digested food and forms feces.

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Cecum

Beginning of the large intestine in a blind pouch.

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Ileocecal Valve

Valve regulating movement of material between the small and large intestine.

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Gut Flora Role

Intestinal bacteria aid in digestion, vitamin production, and gut health.

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Rectum

Last part of the large intestine, holding feces until elimination.

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Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Network of nerves in the digestive system regulating motility and blood flow.

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Peritoneum

Membrane lining abdominal organs, including mesenteries.

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Mesenteries

Layers of peritoneum holding digestive organs in place.

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Oral Cavity

Mouth: entrance to digestive system; where digestion starts.

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Salivary Glands

Glands secreting saliva – aids in initial digestion.

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Stomach Function

The stomach stores food, mechanically breaks it down, and prepares it for further digestion in the intestines.

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Chyme

A semi-fluid mixture of food and gastric juice produced in the stomach.

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Gastric Glands Location

Gastric glands are located at the bottom of gastric pits in the stomach wall.

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Cephalic Phase

Initial stage of gastric secretion triggered by anticipation of food (sight, smell, etc.) which activates the nerves and hormones to pre-prepare the stomach.

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Pylorus

The stomach's lower part and exit point for chyme that enters the duodenum.

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Digestive Tract Parts

A continuous tube from mouth to anus, including mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

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Accessory Digestive Organs

Organs that aid digestion but are not part of the digestive tract, including teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

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Digestive Tract Layers

Four tissue layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa) lining the digestive tract.

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Mucosa Function

Innermost layer of digestive tract; responsible for secretion, absorption, and defense.

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Four Tissue Layers of the Digestive Tract

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa

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Saliva's role

Saliva moistens food, lubricates teeth, and starts digestion with enzymes like amylase and lipase, forming a bolus for swallowing.

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Chewing (Mastication)

The mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces in the mouth that are easier to swallow and digest.

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Pharynx function (food)

Food passes through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx regions of the pharynx, while moving from mouth to esophagus.

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Esophagus function

Muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach; carries the bolus using peristalsis; prevents backflow with sphincters.

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Teeth Types

Incisors cut, canines tear, premolars/molars grind food. Each type is uniquely designed for chewing.

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Liver Function

The liver stores glucose, processes vitamins/minerals, filters toxins, and recycles old blood cells.

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Gallbladder Function

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, produced by the liver, for digestion.

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Pancreas Exocrine Function

The exocrine pancreas secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine for digestion.

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Cephalic Phase

The first phase of gastric secretion, triggered by the thought, smell, or sight of food.

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Intestinal Phase

The third phase of gastric secretion, where the presence of chyme in the duodenum inhibits further stomach secretion.

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