Human Digestive System
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the digestive tract?

  • To mechanically digest food and absorb nutrients (correct)
  • To filter blood
  • To store waste products
  • To produce hormones

    • What are the four main layers of the digestive tract wall?

  • Adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, and epithelium
  • Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia (correct)
  • Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
  • Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, and nervous tissue

    • What is the function of the mucosa in the digestive tract?

  • To produce hormones
  • To protect the digestive tract from infection
  • To mechanically digest food
  • To absorb nutrients (correct)

    • What is the function of the submucosal nerve plexus?

    <p>To control muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the oral cavity?

    <p>Mucosa, tongue, and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the digestive glands?

    <p>To chemically digest food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of the digestive tract that is responsible for storing waste products?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscularis layer in the digestive tract?

    <p>To control muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the 8-12 CV in the oral cavity?

    <p>In front of the sulcus terminalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the taste buds?

    <p>To sense the four basic tastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a taste bud?

    <p>Onion-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the microvilli in taste cells?

    <p>To increase the surface area for taste reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the opening at the tip of each root of a tooth?

    <p>Apical foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of tooth enamel?

    <p>Hydroxyapatite crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the papillae that do not contain taste buds?

    <p>Filiform papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cells that are responsible for sensing the four basic tastes?

    <p>Receptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue surrounding the dentin of the root of the tooth is bone-like?

    <p>Cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pulp in the tooth?

    <p>Provides nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of dentin?

    <p>70% hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the periodontium?

    <p>Pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the periodontal membrane?

    <p>Supports the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the alveolar bone?

    <p>Lacks the typical lamellar pattern of adult bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mucosa in the esophagus?

    <p>Composed of stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submucosa in the esophagus?

    <p>Produces mucus to lubricate and protect the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epithelium in the digestive tract?

    <p>Protection, absorption, and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscles are present in the muscularis mucosa?

    <p>Smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lamina propria?

    <p>Support and structure to the epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscles are present in the muscularis external?

    <p>Both skeletal and smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submucosa?

    <p>Protection of the underlying tissue from bacterial invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscularis external?

    <p>Mixing and propelling of food in the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epithelium in the midpiece of the digestive tract?

    <p>Absorption and secretion of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plicae?

    <p>Increase the surface area of the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three sublayers of smooth muscle?

    <p>Inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?

    <p>To prevent backflow of food into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of gastric juice?

    <p>pH 0.9-1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mucosa in the small intestine?

    <p>To isolate the epithelial cells from the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the jejunum segment of the small intestine?

    <p>2 meters long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Brunner's glands?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the folds in the small intestine?

    <p>To increase the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscularis layer in the small intestine?

    <p>To move food through the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive Tract

    • The digestive tract is an open, continuous canal from the oral cavity to the anus.
    • Its functions are to mechanically digest food and absorb nutrients.

    Components of Digestive Tract

    • Oral cavity
    • Gastrointestinal tract
    • Anus

    Layers of Digestive Tract

    • Mucosa: embodies various functions of different tract segments.
    • Epithelium: stratified squamous or simple columnar.
    • Lamina propria: loose connective tissue.
    • Muscularis mucosa: inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscles.
    • Submucosa: loose connective tissue containing large nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphoid nodules.
    • Muscularis: skeletal or smooth muscles arranged in two or three layers.
    • Adventitia: serous or fibrous membrane.

    Tongue and Teeth

    • Tongue: contains taste buds, with ~10,000 taste buds in the human mouth.
    • Taste buds: onion-shaped structures containing 50-100 cells, including receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells.
    • Teeth:
    • Division: crown, neck, and root.
    • Composition: enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp.
    • Pulp cavity: contains dental pulp, a loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
    • Apical foramen: opening at the tip of each root for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

    Esophagus, Stomach, and Intestine

    • Esophagus:
    • Mucosa: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue, and longitudinal arranged smooth muscles.
    • Submucosa: loose connective tissue containing small mucous esophageal glands.
    • Muscularis: three sublayers of smooth muscle.
    • Adventitia: thin serosa.
    • Stomach:
    • Functions: store food, continue digestion, add acidic fluid, and begin protein digestion.
    • Self-protection mechanism: muco-hydrocarbonate barrier.
    • Small intestine:
    • Composed of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
    • Functions: terminal food digestion, nutrient absorption, and endocrine secretion.
    • Structure: four layers, including mucosa with special features, typical submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

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    Description

    Quiz on the components and functions of the digestive tract and digestive glands, including mechanical and chemical digestion.

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