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Questions and Answers
What is the duration of the germinal stage after conception?
At what stage does the placenta and umbilical cord begin to develop?
Which of the following factors can affect the development of the embryo or fetus?
What reflexes do newborn infants possess that are vital for survival?
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Which preference have research findings indicated newborn infants show regarding sound?
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What is the primary function of the placenta during the embryonic stage?
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At what point does a fetus start to become viable for survival outside the womb?
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Which statement accurately describes the changes that occur during the fetal stage?
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Which of the following statements about newborn infants' perceptual capacities is true?
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How do teratogens affect the developing fetus?
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What is one characteristic of the amniotic fluid?
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Which of the following abilities are newborn infants known to have?
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What role does the umbilical cord play during fetal development?
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What is a key feature of the neonatal period for infants?
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Study Notes
Stages of Prenatal Development
- Zygote Formation: A zygote is created from the fusion of an ovum and sperm at conception.
- Germinal Stage: Occurs in the first two weeks post-conception; characterized by zygote division through mitosis and implantation in the uterus.
- Embryonic Stage: Lasts from two to eight weeks of pregnancy; development of placenta and umbilical cord occurs, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the embryo.
- Amniotic Fluid: The embryo is encased in a sac filled with amniotic fluid within the mother's uterus, providing cushioning and a stable environment.
Fetal Development
- Fetal Stage: Extends from eight weeks until birth; involves growth and enhancement of structures and systems formed during the embryonic stage.
- Reflexes and Viability: Reflexes start emerging, and by approximately 26 weeks, the fetus reaches viability, showing potential for survival outside the womb.
- Teratogens: Harmful agents, including infections and environmental factors, can affect the fetus through the placenta.
Maternal Influences
- Mother's Conditions: The physical, social, and psychological health of the mother significantly impacts the development of the embryo and fetus.
- Behavioral Effects: Maternal behaviors, such as substance use or stress, can adversely affect fetal health.
Neonatal Period
- Infant Interaction: Newborns begin to engage with their surroundings as they transition into the world.
- Survival Reflexes: Infants are born with over 20 reflexes essential for survival.
Newborn Perception Abilities
- Visual Capabilities: Newborns struggle to focus due to underdeveloped eye and visual cortex; exhibit preference for faces and patterns.
- Auditory Discrimination: Infants can differentiate human speech from other sounds, showing a preference for their mother's voice.
- Olfactory and Taste Preferences: Infants possess a developed sense of smell and taste, favoring sweet flavors over sour ones.
Stages of Prenatal Development
- Zygote Formation: A zygote is created from the fusion of an ovum and sperm at conception.
- Germinal Stage: Occurs in the first two weeks post-conception; characterized by zygote division through mitosis and implantation in the uterus.
- Embryonic Stage: Lasts from two to eight weeks of pregnancy; development of placenta and umbilical cord occurs, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the embryo.
- Amniotic Fluid: The embryo is encased in a sac filled with amniotic fluid within the mother's uterus, providing cushioning and a stable environment.
Fetal Development
- Fetal Stage: Extends from eight weeks until birth; involves growth and enhancement of structures and systems formed during the embryonic stage.
- Reflexes and Viability: Reflexes start emerging, and by approximately 26 weeks, the fetus reaches viability, showing potential for survival outside the womb.
- Teratogens: Harmful agents, including infections and environmental factors, can affect the fetus through the placenta.
Maternal Influences
- Mother's Conditions: The physical, social, and psychological health of the mother significantly impacts the development of the embryo and fetus.
- Behavioral Effects: Maternal behaviors, such as substance use or stress, can adversely affect fetal health.
Neonatal Period
- Infant Interaction: Newborns begin to engage with their surroundings as they transition into the world.
- Survival Reflexes: Infants are born with over 20 reflexes essential for survival.
Newborn Perception Abilities
- Visual Capabilities: Newborns struggle to focus due to underdeveloped eye and visual cortex; exhibit preference for faces and patterns.
- Auditory Discrimination: Infants can differentiate human speech from other sounds, showing a preference for their mother's voice.
- Olfactory and Taste Preferences: Infants possess a developed sense of smell and taste, favoring sweet flavors over sour ones.
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Description
Explore the crucial stages of human development from conception to birth. This quiz covers the zygote formation, germinal stage, embryonic stage, and fetal stage, highlighting key processes and structures involved in prenatal development. Test your knowledge on critical concepts like implantation, placenta, and amniotic fluid.
