Human Development Principles
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Questions and Answers

Which principle describes the progression of human development from the center of the body outward?

  • Simple to complex principle
  • Proximodorsal principle (correct)
  • Cephalocaudal principle
  • General to specific principle

    • In human development, what typically occurs before infants can control their extremities?

  • They gain control over their neck and head (correct)
  • They develop large muscle movements
  • They develop fingers and toes
  • They accomplish head control

    • Which principle of human development suggests that infants achieve head control before they can crawl?

  • General to specific principle
  • Simple to complex principle (correct)
  • Cephalocaudal principle
  • Individualized rates principle

    • What characterizes human development as a continuous process according to the text?

    <p>Variability in growth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes that human development occurs from large muscle movement to more refined muscle movements?

    <p>General to specific principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is human development described according to individualized rates?

    <p>Each person has their own growth timetable and rate of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main event that marks the beginning of pregnancy?

    <p>Combining of the nuclei of the egg and sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does maternal age play in prenatal development?

    <p>Affects the risk of chromosomal defects in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk for teenage mothers during pregnancy?

    <p>Being less likely to seek prenatal care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that delivery is imminent during labor?

    <p>Crowning of the newborn in the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Apgar score assess in newborns?

    <p>Neurologic function and overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the effects of teratogens on an unborn child?

    <p>Duration of exposure, amount, and stage of fetal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expelled from the mother's body immediately after childbirth?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical respiratory rate range for a newborn?

    <p>60-70 breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex involves the newborn extending the arm and leg on the side the head is turned to?

    <p>Tonic neck reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average blood pressure range for a newborn?

    <p>60-80 mm Hg systolic, 40-50 mm Hg diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of placing newborns in skin-to-skin contact with the mother?

    <p>To promote human attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point during prenatal development does the brain begin to form from the neural plate?

    <p>4 weeks gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected milestone for a two-year-old toddler's language development?

    <p>&quot;Me up&quot; using nouns and verbs in two-word sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex involves infants fanning their toes outward when the sole of their foot is stroked?

    <p>&quot;Babinski reflex&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered less important than evidence of steady and consistent growth patterns in infants?

    <p>&quot;Actual weight and length&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period of life does brain development begin during the prenatal stage?

    <p>&quot;Prenatal stage&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important role that nurses play in health promotion for infants and families?

    <p>Promoting injury prevention and good health practices like proper nutrition and regular health screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nutritional requirement for toddlers' muscle, bone, and brain development?

    <p>Foods rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended nighttime sleep duration for toddlers?

    <p>10-12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do toddlers sometimes refuse to eat according to the text?

    <p>They may not be hungry or too tired, or engrossed in playtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are recommended dental care practices for preschoolers?

    <p>Brushing and flossing daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does middle childhood typically start?

    <p>6 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common growth characteristic of middle childhood according to the text?

    <p>Slow and consistent growth with a growth spurt during puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive milestones can preschoolers generally achieve by age 5?

    <p>Reciting simple songs and rhymes, stating first and last names, counting to 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Associative play' is a term associated with which stage of development?

    <p>'Associative play' is characteristic of preschoolers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of secondary sex characteristics?

    <p>Enhance reproductive capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the development of eggs in females and sperm in males?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical changes occur in females during puberty?

    <p>Increase in width and roundness of hip and pelvic regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myelination in adolescent brain development?

    <p>Increases efficiency and functionality of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for executive functions like decision-making and impulse control?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a deepening of the voice in males during puberty?

    <p>Increase in size of larynx and vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychosocial change during adolescence?

    <p>Strong desire to conform to peer group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do many adolescents worry about physical changes during puberty?

    <p>For fear of falling behind their peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers hormonal changes during puberty?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefits are associated with adolescents being risk-takers according to some scientists?

    <p>Increased confidence and motivation for independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that may influence adolescents' psychosocial development?

    <p>The age and rate at which they experience puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are females more likely to be unhappy with their appearance during adolescence?

    <p>Because of frequent conversation about physical attractiveness among friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutritional requirement is mentioned for males due to increased muscle mass during adolescence?

    <p>Additional hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can unhealthy food choices during adolescence lead to?

    <p>Disordered eating habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most widely unmet health care needs of adolescents?

    <p>Dental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adolescence differ in Western and other cultures regarding the transition to adulthood?

    <p>Depends on cultural definitions and role transitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the attainment of adulthood based on the content provided?

    <p>Establishing financial independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do young adults tend to postpone seeking health care?

    <p>Because they are generally healthy at this stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What body system is fully developed and mature by age 20 according to the text?

    <p>All organs and body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the period known as 'emerging adulthood'?

    <p>A time when individuals explore higher education, careers, relationships, and commitments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe middle-aged adults who have the responsibility of caring for both their aging parents and growing children?

    <p>The sandwich generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the financial stress faced by middle-aged adults be exacerbated according to the text?

    <p>By helping to pay for children's college education and financially supporting aging parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In middle adulthood, what can deepen intimate bonds between partners?

    <p>Reacquaintance while defining new roles and responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physical change that can negatively affect self-image in middle-aged adults?

    <p>Muscle gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated as an essential element for maintaining strong bones and teeth in middle adulthood?

    <p>Calcium and vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a daily multivitamin be viewed in relation to healthy nutrition?

    <p>It is unnecessary if a person eats healthy natural foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does a sense of body image begin to develop in children?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical activity that children typically learn during middle childhood?

    <p>Riding a bicycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of childhood obesity mentioned in the text?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a psychosocial change that occurs during middle childhood?

    <p>Becoming emotional about peer perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important way for children to prevent obesity and heart disease risks according to the text?

    <p>Getting at least one hour of physical activity per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life do individuals experience the transition from childhood to adulthood?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cognitive change that occurs during middle childhood according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Logical ways of thinking&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of sedentary habits during childhood according to the text?

    <p>Both obesity and heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Robbins and Wilner coin to describe the transition from adolescence into adulthood?

    <p>Quarterlife crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge that young adults in their twenties may face according to the text?

    <p>Navigating student loans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological changes are typically experienced by middle-aged adults according to the text?

    <p>Decreased bone mass and muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do males' biological changes during climacteric differ from females' according to the text?

    <p>Females experience a decline in testosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common experience related to sexual activity for many couples in middle adulthood according to the text?

    <p>Reduced worry about children leaving home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a role of middle adulthood as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increasing physical energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of reproductive capacity for females according to the text?

    <p>Menstrual cycle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do men's experiences of orgasm change with age according to the text?

    <p>'They experience more frequent failures in achieving orgasm'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life do most parents adjust to having children living outside the family home?

    <p>Middle adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the cessation of menses and reproductive capacity in females?

    <p>Menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

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