Human Development Principles

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Questions and Answers

Which principle describes the progression of human development from the center of the body outward?

  • Simple to complex principle
  • Proximodorsal principle (correct)
  • Cephalocaudal principle
  • General to specific principle

In human development, what typically occurs before infants can control their extremities?

  • They gain control over their neck and head (correct)
  • They develop large muscle movements
  • They develop fingers and toes
  • They accomplish head control

Which principle of human development suggests that infants achieve head control before they can crawl?

  • General to specific principle
  • Simple to complex principle (correct)
  • Cephalocaudal principle
  • Individualized rates principle

What characterizes human development as a continuous process according to the text?

<p>Variability in growth rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes that human development occurs from large muscle movement to more refined muscle movements?

<p>General to specific principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is human development described according to individualized rates?

<p>Each person has their own growth timetable and rate of development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main event that marks the beginning of pregnancy?

<p>Combining of the nuclei of the egg and sperm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does maternal age play in prenatal development?

<p>Affects the risk of chromosomal defects in the fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk for teenage mothers during pregnancy?

<p>Being less likely to seek prenatal care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that delivery is imminent during labor?

<p>Crowning of the newborn in the vagina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Apgar score assess in newborns?

<p>Neurologic function and overall health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the effects of teratogens on an unborn child?

<p>Duration of exposure, amount, and stage of fetal development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expelled from the mother's body immediately after childbirth?

<p>Placenta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical respiratory rate range for a newborn?

<p>60-70 breaths per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex involves the newborn extending the arm and leg on the side the head is turned to?

<p>Tonic neck reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average blood pressure range for a newborn?

<p>60-80 mm Hg systolic, 40-50 mm Hg diastolic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing newborns in skin-to-skin contact with the mother?

<p>To promote human attachment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point during prenatal development does the brain begin to form from the neural plate?

<p>4 weeks gestation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected milestone for a two-year-old toddler's language development?

<p>&quot;Me up&quot; using nouns and verbs in two-word sentences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex involves infants fanning their toes outward when the sole of their foot is stroked?

<p>&quot;Babinski reflex&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered less important than evidence of steady and consistent growth patterns in infants?

<p>&quot;Actual weight and length&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which period of life does brain development begin during the prenatal stage?

<p>&quot;Prenatal stage&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important role that nurses play in health promotion for infants and families?

<p>Promoting injury prevention and good health practices like proper nutrition and regular health screenings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nutritional requirement for toddlers' muscle, bone, and brain development?

<p>Foods rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nighttime sleep duration for toddlers?

<p>10-12 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do toddlers sometimes refuse to eat according to the text?

<p>They may not be hungry or too tired, or engrossed in playtime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are recommended dental care practices for preschoolers?

<p>Brushing and flossing daily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does middle childhood typically start?

<p>6 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common growth characteristic of middle childhood according to the text?

<p>Slow and consistent growth with a growth spurt during puberty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive milestones can preschoolers generally achieve by age 5?

<p>Reciting simple songs and rhymes, stating first and last names, counting to 20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Associative play' is a term associated with which stage of development?

<p>'Associative play' is characteristic of preschoolers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of secondary sex characteristics?

<p>Enhance reproductive capabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the development of eggs in females and sperm in males?

<p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical changes occur in females during puberty?

<p>Increase in width and roundness of hip and pelvic regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of myelination in adolescent brain development?

<p>Increases efficiency and functionality of the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for executive functions like decision-making and impulse control?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to a deepening of the voice in males during puberty?

<p>Increase in size of larynx and vocal cords (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychosocial change during adolescence?

<p>Strong desire to conform to peer group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many adolescents worry about physical changes during puberty?

<p>For fear of falling behind their peers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers hormonal changes during puberty?

<p>Hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefits are associated with adolescents being risk-takers according to some scientists?

<p>Increased confidence and motivation for independence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that may influence adolescents' psychosocial development?

<p>The age and rate at which they experience puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are females more likely to be unhappy with their appearance during adolescence?

<p>Because of frequent conversation about physical attractiveness among friends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutritional requirement is mentioned for males due to increased muscle mass during adolescence?

<p>Additional hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can unhealthy food choices during adolescence lead to?

<p>Disordered eating habits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most widely unmet health care needs of adolescents?

<p>Dental care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does adolescence differ in Western and other cultures regarding the transition to adulthood?

<p>Depends on cultural definitions and role transitions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the attainment of adulthood based on the content provided?

<p>Establishing financial independence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do young adults tend to postpone seeking health care?

<p>Because they are generally healthy at this stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What body system is fully developed and mature by age 20 according to the text?

<p>All organs and body systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of the period known as 'emerging adulthood'?

<p>A time when individuals explore higher education, careers, relationships, and commitments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe middle-aged adults who have the responsibility of caring for both their aging parents and growing children?

<p>The sandwich generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the financial stress faced by middle-aged adults be exacerbated according to the text?

<p>By helping to pay for children's college education and financially supporting aging parents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In middle adulthood, what can deepen intimate bonds between partners?

<p>Reacquaintance while defining new roles and responsibilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physical change that can negatively affect self-image in middle-aged adults?

<p>Muscle gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stated as an essential element for maintaining strong bones and teeth in middle adulthood?

<p>Calcium and vitamin D (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a daily multivitamin be viewed in relation to healthy nutrition?

<p>It is unnecessary if a person eats healthy natural foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does a sense of body image begin to develop in children?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical activity that children typically learn during middle childhood?

<p>Riding a bicycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of childhood obesity mentioned in the text?

<p>Arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a psychosocial change that occurs during middle childhood?

<p>Becoming emotional about peer perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one important way for children to prevent obesity and heart disease risks according to the text?

<p>Getting at least one hour of physical activity per day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of life do individuals experience the transition from childhood to adulthood?

<p>Puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cognitive change that occurs during middle childhood according to the text?

<p>&quot;Logical ways of thinking&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of sedentary habits during childhood according to the text?

<p>Both obesity and heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did Robbins and Wilner coin to describe the transition from adolescence into adulthood?

<p>Quarterlife crises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge that young adults in their twenties may face according to the text?

<p>Navigating student loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes are typically experienced by middle-aged adults according to the text?

<p>Decreased bone mass and muscle strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do males' biological changes during climacteric differ from females' according to the text?

<p>Females experience a decline in testosterone levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common experience related to sexual activity for many couples in middle adulthood according to the text?

<p>Reduced worry about children leaving home (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a role of middle adulthood as mentioned in the text?

<p>Increasing physical energy levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of reproductive capacity for females according to the text?

<p>Menstrual cycle changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do men's experiences of orgasm change with age according to the text?

<p>'They experience more frequent failures in achieving orgasm' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of life do most parents adjust to having children living outside the family home?

<p>Middle adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the cessation of menses and reproductive capacity in females?

<p>Menopause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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