75 Questions
Which principle describes the progression of human development from the center of the body outward?
Proximodorsal principle
In human development, what typically occurs before infants can control their extremities?
They gain control over their neck and head
Which principle of human development suggests that infants achieve head control before they can crawl?
Simple to complex principle
What characterizes human development as a continuous process according to the text?
Variability in growth rates
Which principle emphasizes that human development occurs from large muscle movement to more refined muscle movements?
General to specific principle
How is human development described according to individualized rates?
Each person has their own growth timetable and rate of development
What is the main event that marks the beginning of pregnancy?
Combining of the nuclei of the egg and sperm
What role does maternal age play in prenatal development?
Affects the risk of chromosomal defects in the fetus
Which of the following is a potential risk for teenage mothers during pregnancy?
Being less likely to seek prenatal care
What indicates that delivery is imminent during labor?
Crowning of the newborn in the vagina
What does the Apgar score assess in newborns?
Neurologic function and overall health
Which factor influences the effects of teratogens on an unborn child?
Duration of exposure, amount, and stage of fetal development
What is expelled from the mother's body immediately after childbirth?
Placenta
What is the typical respiratory rate range for a newborn?
60-70 breaths per minute
Which reflex involves the newborn extending the arm and leg on the side the head is turned to?
Tonic neck reflex
What is the average blood pressure range for a newborn?
60-80 mm Hg systolic, 40-50 mm Hg diastolic
What is the purpose of placing newborns in skin-to-skin contact with the mother?
To promote human attachment
At what point during prenatal development does the brain begin to form from the neural plate?
4 weeks gestation
What is an expected milestone for a two-year-old toddler's language development?
"Me up" using nouns and verbs in two-word sentences
Which reflex involves infants fanning their toes outward when the sole of their foot is stroked?
"Babinski reflex"
What is considered less important than evidence of steady and consistent growth patterns in infants?
"Actual weight and length"
In which period of life does brain development begin during the prenatal stage?
"Prenatal stage"
What is an important role that nurses play in health promotion for infants and families?
Promoting injury prevention and good health practices like proper nutrition and regular health screenings
What is a key nutritional requirement for toddlers' muscle, bone, and brain development?
Foods rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals
What is the recommended nighttime sleep duration for toddlers?
10-12 hours
Why do toddlers sometimes refuse to eat according to the text?
They may not be hungry or too tired, or engrossed in playtime
What are recommended dental care practices for preschoolers?
Brushing and flossing daily
At what age does middle childhood typically start?
6 years old
What is a common growth characteristic of middle childhood according to the text?
Slow and consistent growth with a growth spurt during puberty
What cognitive milestones can preschoolers generally achieve by age 5?
Reciting simple songs and rhymes, stating first and last names, counting to 20
'Associative play' is a term associated with which stage of development?
'Associative play' is characteristic of preschoolers
What is the primary role of secondary sex characteristics?
Enhance reproductive capabilities
Which hormone stimulates the development of eggs in females and sperm in males?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What physical changes occur in females during puberty?
Increase in width and roundness of hip and pelvic regions
What is the role of myelination in adolescent brain development?
Increases efficiency and functionality of the brain
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for executive functions like decision-making and impulse control?
Prefrontal cortex
What leads to a deepening of the voice in males during puberty?
Increase in size of larynx and vocal cords
What is a common psychosocial change during adolescence?
Strong desire to conform to peer group
Why do many adolescents worry about physical changes during puberty?
For fear of falling behind their peers
What triggers hormonal changes during puberty?
Hypothalamus
What benefits are associated with adolescents being risk-takers according to some scientists?
Increased confidence and motivation for independence
What is a key factor that may influence adolescents' psychosocial development?
The age and rate at which they experience puberty
Why are females more likely to be unhappy with their appearance during adolescence?
Because of frequent conversation about physical attractiveness among friends
What nutritional requirement is mentioned for males due to increased muscle mass during adolescence?
Additional hemoglobin
What can unhealthy food choices during adolescence lead to?
Disordered eating habits
What is one of the most widely unmet health care needs of adolescents?
Dental care
How does adolescence differ in Western and other cultures regarding the transition to adulthood?
Depends on cultural definitions and role transitions
What marks the attainment of adulthood based on the content provided?
Establishing financial independence
Why do young adults tend to postpone seeking health care?
Because they are generally healthy at this stage
What body system is fully developed and mature by age 20 according to the text?
All organs and body systems
What is a distinguishing feature of the period known as 'emerging adulthood'?
A time when individuals explore higher education, careers, relationships, and commitments.
What term is used to describe middle-aged adults who have the responsibility of caring for both their aging parents and growing children?
The sandwich generation
How can the financial stress faced by middle-aged adults be exacerbated according to the text?
By helping to pay for children's college education and financially supporting aging parents
In middle adulthood, what can deepen intimate bonds between partners?
Reacquaintance while defining new roles and responsibilities
Which of the following is NOT a physical change that can negatively affect self-image in middle-aged adults?
Muscle gain
What is stated as an essential element for maintaining strong bones and teeth in middle adulthood?
Calcium and vitamin D
How should a daily multivitamin be viewed in relation to healthy nutrition?
It is unnecessary if a person eats healthy natural foods
At what age does a sense of body image begin to develop in children?
6
What is a common physical activity that children typically learn during middle childhood?
Riding a bicycle
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of childhood obesity mentioned in the text?
Arthritis
What is an example of a psychosocial change that occurs during middle childhood?
Becoming emotional about peer perception
What is one important way for children to prevent obesity and heart disease risks according to the text?
Getting at least one hour of physical activity per day
During which stage of life do individuals experience the transition from childhood to adulthood?
Puberty
What is a common cognitive change that occurs during middle childhood according to the text?
"Logical ways of thinking"
What is a consequence of sedentary habits during childhood according to the text?
Both obesity and heart disease
What term did Robbins and Wilner coin to describe the transition from adolescence into adulthood?
Quarterlife crises
Which of the following is a challenge that young adults in their twenties may face according to the text?
Navigating student loans
What physiological changes are typically experienced by middle-aged adults according to the text?
Decreased bone mass and muscle strength
How do males' biological changes during climacteric differ from females' according to the text?
Females experience a decline in testosterone levels
What is a common experience related to sexual activity for many couples in middle adulthood according to the text?
Reduced worry about children leaving home
Which of the following is NOT considered a role of middle adulthood as mentioned in the text?
Increasing physical energy levels
What marks the end of reproductive capacity for females according to the text?
Menstrual cycle changes
How do men's experiences of orgasm change with age according to the text?
'They experience more frequent failures in achieving orgasm'
During which stage of life do most parents adjust to having children living outside the family home?
Middle adulthood
What term describes the cessation of menses and reproductive capacity in females?
Menopause
Explore the fundamental principles of human development, including the cephalocaudal and proximodorsal principles which describe the predictable progression of growth and control. Learn how individuals develop from head-to-toe and from center to outward in this quiz.
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