Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the other names for deciduous teeth?
What are the other names for deciduous teeth?
primary, baby, or milk teeth
How many deciduous teeth are there in total?
How many deciduous teeth are there in total?
At what age do most children have a complete set of primary dentition?
At what age do most children have a complete set of primary dentition?
3 years of age
How many permanent teeth do adults normally have?
How many permanent teeth do adults normally have?
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What is the function of the alveolar process?
What is the function of the alveolar process?
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What does the gingiva consist of?
What does the gingiva consist of?
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Which enzyme is mentioned as helpful in digestion produced by the salivary glands?
Which enzyme is mentioned as helpful in digestion produced by the salivary glands?
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How many major salivary glands are there?
How many major salivary glands are there?
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Where is the parotid gland located?
Where is the parotid gland located?
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What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?
What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?
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The parotid duct opens in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper ______ molar tooth.
The parotid duct opens in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper ______ molar tooth.
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What is the treatment for adenolymphoma?
What is the treatment for adenolymphoma?
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The parotid gland can swell easily due to its tough fibrous capsule, leading to parotitis.
The parotid gland can swell easily due to its tough fibrous capsule, leading to parotitis.
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Study Notes
Deciduous Teeth
- Also called primary, baby, or milk teeth
- 20 in number: 4 incisors, 2 canines, and 4 molars in each jaw
- Appear around 6 months of age
- Most children have a full set by 3 years old
- Replaced by permanent teeth around 6-12 years old
Permanent Teeth
- 32 in number: 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars, and 6 molars in each jaw
- Start appearing at around 6 years old
- Most erupt by 12 years old
- Third molars (wisdom teeth) are the exception, often appearing in late teens or early 20s
Alveolar Process
- Function: stabilizes teeth inside sockets of alveolar process
The Gingiva (Gums)
- Composed of fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane
- Attached to alveolar processes of jaws and necks of teeth
Salivary Glands
- Produce saliva to lubricate oral cavity and aid in breaking down food
- Contains enzymes (like amylase) that assist with digestion
- Consists of 6 major glands and numerous minor glands
- Major: 2 parotid, 2 submandibular, 2 sublingual
- Minor: 800-1000 throughout the mouth
Minor Salivary Glands
- Distributed throughout oral submucosa in the lips, cheeks, palate, floor of the mouth and the retromolar area
- Also present in the oropharynx, larynx and trachea
The Parotid Gland
- Largest salivary gland
- It produces serous saliva, a watery solution rich in enzymes
- Located in the parotid region, a deep hollow below the external auditory meatus, behind the ramus of the mandible and in front of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Can be divided into deep and superficial lobes, separated by the facial nerve
- Parotid duct emerges from the anterior border of the gland and passes over the lateral surface of masseter, opening in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth
- Passes through the buccinator muscle
- Facial Nerve (VII):
- After passing through the parotid gland, it splits into a superficial and deep part
Structures Passing through the Parotid Gland (Superficial to Deep)
- Facial nerve and its five terminal branches
- External carotid artery and its branches: posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, and superficial temporal artery
- Retromandibular vein
Clinical Notes on the Parotid Gland
- Adenolymphoma: Treatment usually involves surgical excision of the tumor and parotid gland (parotidectomy), facial nerve considerations are important!
- Parotitis: Infection of parotid gland, enclosed in a tough fibrous capsule. This limits swelling of the gland, causing pain.
- During parotidectomy, surgeons need to be mindful of surrounding structures, especially the facial nerve. Any rupture of the facial nerve will affect facial muscle function.
The Submandibular Gland
- Mixed mucous and serous in type
- Lies partly under cover of the body of the mandible
- Composed of a large superficial part and a small deep part, continuous around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle
Superficial Part of the Submandibular Gland
- Located in the digastric triangle
- Important Relations:
- Anteriorly: Anterior belly of the digastric
- Posteriorly: Stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric and the parotid gland
- Medially: Mylohyoid, hyoglossus, and the lingual and hypoglossal nerves
- Laterally: Submandibular fossa in the medial surface of the mandible
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Description
This quiz covers the stages and types of human teeth, including deciduous and permanent teeth, their eruption timelines, and supporting structures like alveolar processes and gums. Test your knowledge about the anatomy of the mouth and the role of salivary glands in digestion.
