Questions and Answers
What is the first step in Norman's Model of Interaction?
In Norman's Model, what follows after executing the action?
Which of the following steps involves understanding what the system is currently doing?
What is the role of 'interpreting the system state' in the context of user interaction?
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Which step does not occur during the execution phase in Norman's interaction model?
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What is the first step in the execution process when interacting with a system?
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What is a characteristic of a 'slip' in the gulf of execution?
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What should a well-designed system anticipate regarding human behavior?
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What does the term 'gulf of evaluation' refer to?
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What is a potential solution if a user frequently experiences a slip?
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Study Notes
Norman’s Model of Interaction
- Interaction involves a sequence from establishing goals to executing actions.
- Primary execution steps:
- Establishing the goal (WHAT).
- Forming the intention (HOW).
- Specifying the action sequence.
- Executing the action.
- Evaluation consists of:
- Perceiving the system state.
- Interpreting the system state.
- Evaluating the system state.
Gulf of Execution and Evaluation
- The gulf of execution refers to the gap between a user's intention and the actions required to achieve that intention.
- The gulf of evaluation encompasses the challenge of understanding feedback from the system after actions are taken.
Abowd and Beale Model
- Explicitly highlights the gulf of evaluation in both output and input through different forms of communication (task language and core language).
- User interfaces serve as a medium to bridge the gaps of execution and evaluation.
Human Errors in Interaction
- Two types of human errors:
- Slip: Correct goal but wrong execution (e.g., clicking the wrong icon).
- Mistake: Incorrect goal formulation due to poor understanding of the system (e.g., misinterpreting an icon's function).
- Improved interface design can reduce slips, while mistakes often require more profound changes or training efforts.
Understanding Human Errors
- Human errors are typically a result of design flaws rather than user faults, as stated by Norman.
- Effective system design should:
- Anticipate human behavior.
- Minimize inappropriate actions (evaluation).
- Facilitate discovery and correction of errors (execution).
- Enhance user understanding of system states.
Nature of Interaction in HCI
- Interaction involves a dynamic relationship where both humans and computers influence each other's behavior over time.
- Users' goals and objectives serve as the ultimate measure of interaction effectiveness.
Assumptions in Human-Computer Interaction
- Users aim to achieve goals specific to an application domain, each with distinct processes and terminology.
- Tasks represent operations that manipulate concepts within a domain, achieved through goal-oriented actions.
- Interaction examines the relationship between user and system, where understanding of both states is crucial.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Norman's Model of Interaction in Human-Computer Interaction. This quiz covers key steps from establishing goals to executing actions in user interaction design. Challenge yourself and understand how users perceive and interact with computer systems.
