24 Questions
Where are blood cells produced in the human body?
In the bone marrow
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood?
To transport oxygen to the body's tissues
What is the term for the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during contraction and relaxation of the ventricles?
Blood pressure
What is the term for the process by which the blood releases carbon dioxide and acquires oxygen in the lung capillaries?
Gas exchange
What is the term for the twisting and enlargement of veins, often found in the legs?
Varicose veins
What is the term for the clot that forms in a blood vessel and impedes blood flow?
Thrombus
What is the term for the higher of the two blood pressure numbers, which indicates the pressure during contraction of the ventricles?
Systolic pressure
What is the term for the cells that originate from stem cells in the bone marrow and mature in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue?
Blood cells
What should you do if the person has no pulse?
Begin chest compressions
What is an important part of personal wellness?
Having a balanced diet
Why should you not remove a helmet?
It may be important for protecting the head
What should you do if the person is choking on blood?
Lift their jaw forward
What is an important part of the circulatory system?
The right ventricle
What is the function of the right ventricle?
To pump blood into the pulmonary artery
What is important for personal wellness?
Getting enough sleep
Why should you have a balanced diet?
To support overall health and wellness
What is the main function of the tunica media in blood vessels?
To allow for the contraction and relaxation of the blood vessel
Which of the following layers of a blood vessel is composed of connective tissue?
Tunica adventitia
What is the purpose of valves in veins?
To prevent the backflow of blood
What is the approximate heart rate in a healthy individual?
60-80 beats per minute
Which of the following statements is true about the structure of the vascular system?
Arteries branch into smaller thinner vessels called capillaries
What is the function of the lumen in a blood vessel?
To allow blood to flow through the vessel
In which direction does blood flow through the heart?
From the left atrium to the left ventricle
What is the term for the rhythmic recurring wave that occurs through the arteries during normal pumping action of the heart?
Arterial pulse
Study Notes
Blood Circulation
- Blood pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries, carrying it to each lung.
- In the lung capillaries, blood releases carbon dioxide and acquires oxygen.
- The right and left pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
Blood Clotting and Veins
- Thrombus: a blood clot that impedes blood flow.
- Varicose veins: usually found in the legs, these are veins that have been twisted and enlarged.
Blood Composition
- Blood consists of red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells (WBC)), and thrombocytes (platelets).
- Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, which is the spongy material that fills the inside of the major bones of the body.
Diagnostic Tests
- D-dimer, Fibrin degradation products (FDP), Lipoproteins, Prothrombin time (PT), Partial thromboplastin time (PTT/APTT), Triglycerides.
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during contraction and relaxation of the ventricles.
- Systolic pressure: the higher of the two numbers, indicating BP during contraction of the ventricles.
- Diastolic pressure: the lower number, indicating BP when the ventricles are relaxed.
Vascular System Structure
- Arteries: thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.
- Arterioles: smaller, thinner vessels that connect to the capillaries.
- Capillaries: where blood releases oxygen and acquires carbon dioxide.
- Veins: carry blood back to the heart.
Blood Vessel Structure
- Tunica adventitia/externa: the outer layer composed of connective tissue.
- Tunica media: the middle layer composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
- Tunica intima: the inner layer composed of a lining of epithelial cells.
- Lumen: the space inside the blood vessel where the blood flows.
- Valves: thin membranous leaflets that prevent the backflow of blood in the veins.
Heart Rate/Pulse Rate
- Heart rate: approximately 60 to 80 contractions per minute.
- Pulse rate: the rhythmic recurring wave that occurs through the arteries during normal pumping action of the heart.
First Aid and Personal Wellness
- If a person has no pulse, begin chest compressions.
- Personal wellness begins with personal hygiene, proper nutrition, sufficient sleep, and regular exercise.
Quiz about the circulatory system, covering the structure and functions of the heart, blood vessels, and blood flow.
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