Human Brain Anatomy: Vascularity and Functionality

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Questions and Answers

Why does the hypothalamus have a higher degree of vascularity compared to other phylogenetically older brain structures?

  • To compensate for its lack of blood vessels in the surrounding areas
  • Due to its smaller size compared to other brain structures
  • As a result of its increased susceptibility to emboli
  • Because of its crucial role in functions like thermoregulation (correct)

Which part of the spinal cord is primarily supplied by radial arteries?

  • Grey matter
  • Entire spinal cord
  • White matter
  • Outer regions of grey matter (correct)

Why are arterial anastomoses more profuse on the surface of the brain compared to deep arteries?

  • To reduce the risk of thrombi formation
  • To increase vascularity in deep brain structures
  • To prevent total obstruction
  • To provide alternative channels for blood flow (correct)

What makes blockage of deep arteries more catastrophic compared to blockage of surface arteries?

<p>Deep arteries rarely anastomose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are large pulsating arteries absent below the neuraxis surface?

<p>To reduce the risk of pressure waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges adheres tightly to the periosteum lining within the cranial cavity?

<p>Dura mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the vein mentioned in the text terminate at one end?

<p>Facial vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal drainage of the connecting sinus?

<p>Maxillary vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cerebral veins mentioned in the text?

<p>They lack valves and smooth muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates alternative channels for blood flow if a cerebral vein is obstructed?

<p>Anastomoses between veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the longitudinal spinal sinuses located?

<p>Within the epidural space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is notable about the valves in the longitudinal spinal sinuses?

<p>They are absent, allowing bidirectional blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the controversial role of arachnoid granulations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption?

<p>Their role in CSF absorption is confirmed in some mammals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is accurate?

<p>CSF can be absorbed by perineural lymphatics surrounding cranial and spinal nerves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) related to mechanical support?

<p>Supports delicate structures within the cranial cavity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the main sites for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in live animals?

<p>At the atlanto-occipital region and lumbosacral region. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the naming and location of the cistern at the atlanto-occipital site confusing?

<p>The naming convention is inconsistent with its actual position. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from blood plasma?

<p>CSF has metabolic functions different from blood plasma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cervical and lumbar enlargements in the spinal cord?

<p>Accommodate increased neuron populations for limb innervation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the spinal cord terminate approximately in humans?

<p>Around vertebra L1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the filum terminale consist of?

<p>Glial and ependymal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure resembles a horse's tail and includes sacral and caudal nerves?

<p>Cauda equina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is formed by the convergence of the filum terminale with the dura mater?

<p>Filum of the dura mater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Around which vertebral segment does the termination point of the dural tube vary?

<p>S1 and S4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tract is NOT part of the ascending tracts in the lateral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord?

<p>Rubrospinal tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which descending tract is found in the ventral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord?

<p>Tectospinal tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a short ascending and descending intersegmental fiber of the fasciculus proprius?

<p>Dorsolateral tract (of Lissauer) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tracts is classified as an ascending tract in the lateral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord?

<p>Spinocervical (spinocervicothalamic) tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tracts is part of the descending tracts in the lateral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord?

<p>Tectospinal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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