Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of amylase in the digestive system?
What is the function of amylase in the digestive system?
- Breaks starch down into sugar (correct)
- Breaks carbohydrates down into glucose
- Breaks proteins down into amino acids
- Breaks fats down into glycerol
The external intercostal muscles contract when breathing in.
The external intercostal muscles contract when breathing in.
False (B)
What is the term for the movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations?
What is the term for the movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations?
Diffusion
The _______ is the first stop for de-oxygenated blood entering the heart.
The _______ is the first stop for de-oxygenated blood entering the heart.
Match the following blood vessels with their characteristics:
Match the following blood vessels with their characteristics:
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
Humans have a single circulatory system.
Humans have a single circulatory system.
What happens when the diaphragm contracts during breathing?
What happens when the diaphragm contracts during breathing?
What is the function of the kidneys in the excretion process?
What is the function of the kidneys in the excretion process?
The skeletal system provides support and protection for vital organs.
The skeletal system provides support and protection for vital organs.
What is the function of the RBC (Red Blood Cells)?
What is the function of the RBC (Red Blood Cells)?
Muscles move the bones in the body by contracting and relaxing, and are attached to bones by _______________.
Muscles move the bones in the body by contracting and relaxing, and are attached to bones by _______________.
Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:
Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:
What is the difference between growing and developing?
What is the difference between growing and developing?
Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Study Notes
Digestive System
- Chemical digestion: enzymes break down nutrients into smaller molecules
- Amylase in saliva breaks starch down into sugar
- Pepsin and trypsin in the stomach break proteins down into amino acids
- Lipase in the pancreas breaks fats down into glycerol
Respiratory System
- Path that air travels: Mouth → Trachea → Bronchus → Bronchiole → Alveoli
- Ventilation:
- Breathing in:
- Interal intercostal muscles relax and external intercostal muscles contract, pulling ribcage up and out
- Diaphragm contracts, pulling down
- Lung volume increases and air pressure inside decreases
- Air is pushed in
- Breathing out:
- External intercostal muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract, pulling ribcage down and in
- Diaphragm relaxes, pushing up
- Lung volume decreases and air pressure inside increases
- Air is pushed out
- Breathing in:
- Gas exchange:
- Happens in the alveoli
- Features: thin walls (one cell thick), large surface area, moist, and many blood capillaries
Circulatory System
- Double circulatory system: blood goes through the heart twice per loop
- Arteries:
- Thick elastic muscle walls (withstand high blood pressure when taking from the heart)
- Flows out of the heart
- Veins:
- Thinner less elastic walls, one-way valves
- Returns to the heart
- Capillaries:
- Tiny blood vessels branching into all tissues
- Thin walls allow substances to diffuse in and out easily
- Blood flow within the heart:
- Venacava: de-oxygenated blood into the right atrium
- Pulmonary Artery: de-oxygenated blood out of the RHS
- Pulmonary Vein: oxygenated blood into the LHS
- Aorta: oxygenated blood out of the LHS
Diffusion
- Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations
- Happens naturally, does not require energy
- Substances like oxygen, CO2
Excretion
- Removal of substances like:
- Toxic materials
- Waste products of metabolism
- Excess substances from organisms
- Blood is brought to the kidney in the renal artery
- Kidneys filter blood and reabsorb useful materials like glucose
- After purification, blood returns to circulation through the renal vein
- Urine is taken from the kidney to the bladder by ureters
- Examples:
- Skin: sweat glands produce sweat
- Lungs: excess CO2 and some water vapor
- Kidney: excess water, salts, and urea
Skeletal System
- Key points:
- Allows movement, provides support and protection for vital organs
- Muscles move the bones in the body
- Function:
- To support the body
- To protect the vital organs
- To help body move
- To make blood cells
- Movement:
- Some bones in the skeleton are joined rigidly and can’t move against each other
- Other bones are joined by flexible joints
- Muscles are attached to bones by tendons
- Skeletal muscles contract and relax to move bones
- Making blood cells:
- Different blood cells include:
- RBC: carries oxygen around the body
- WBC: involved in destroying harmful bacteria
- Different blood cells include:
Muscular System
- Antagonistic muscle pairs:
- Agonist: contracts and is agony
- Antagonist: relaxes and allows movement to occur
- Joints:
- Ball and Socket: shoulder
- Hinge: elbow
- Fixed: skull
Definitions
- Tendons: bone to muscle
- Ligaments: bone to bone
- Cartilage: cushioning
- Synovial Fluid: lubricant
Growing and Developing
- Mitosis, Meiosis, Growing and Developing
- Difference:
- Growing: increase in size of an organism, requires an increase in the number of cells
- Developing: changing/maturing to become specialized for a certain function
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human body systems, including digestive and respiratory systems, with this quiz covering enzymes, digestion, and ventilation.
