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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for protection in the mouth, skin, and lining of body cavities?
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
What is the function of the pepsin enzyme in the digestive system?
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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
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What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
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What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
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What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
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What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
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What is the function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?
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Study Notes
Body Systems
- Regulation of body processes through hormone production is controlled by the Endocrine system
- Gas exchange between internal and external environment is facilitated by the Respiratory system
- Digestive system is responsible for physical and chemical breakdown of food for nutrient absorption
- Reproductive system produces reproductive cells for generating offspring
- Integumentary system provides protection against external environment and regulates temperature
- Muscular system enables voluntary and involuntary movement
- Nervous system processes sensory input and elicits appropriate responses
- Cardiovascular system circulates blood, transporting gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
- Lymphatic system circulates lymph, maintaining fluid balance and fighting infection
- Urinary system filters blood and excretes waste from the body
- Skeletal system provides support and protection for internal organs
Cells and Tissues
- Cells are the basic units of living things, responsible for essential life processes
- Tissues are groups of cells working together to perform specialized functions
- Epithelial tissue protects the body from physical, chemical, and biological damage
- Connective tissue binds cells and organs together, providing support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances
- Connective tissue is composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides, allowing for nutrient diffusion
- Collagen fibers provide tensile strength, elastic fibers stretch with recoil, and reticular fibers provide support
- Cartilage provides padding, flexibility, and shock absorption
- Adipose tissue provides insulation, energy storage, and protective cushioning
- Fibrous connective tissue provides support and shock absorption in muscles, bone, and skin
- Blood connective tissue is a liquid connective tissue made up of cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
- Muscular tissue enables cells to shorten or contract for movement
Digestive System
- Mouth: food is chewed and mixed with saliva
- Pharynx: receives chewed food for swallowing
- Esophagus: transports food from pharynx to stomach
- Stomach: churns food with gastric juices
- Small intestine: breaks down partly digested food into nutrients for absorption
- Large intestine: absorbs remaining waste from small intestine
- Rectum: waste material is expelled from the body through the anus as feces
- Salivary glands produce saliva containing amylase, breaking down carbohydrates
- Bolus triggers swallowing after passing the pharynx
- Epiglottis controls what passes into the trachea
- Trachea leads to the lung
- Peristalsis: contractions move food through the digestive tract
- Pepsin breaks down protein into amino acids
- HCI activates enzymes that kill bacteria and lowers the pH
- Chyme: bolus after digestion at the stomach and small intestine
- Pyloric sphincter controls passage of food from stomach to duodenum
- Duodenum: first part of small intestine, receives chyme from stomach
- Pancreas produces important digestive enzymes
- Jejunum: middle part of small intestine, helps digest food coming from stomach
- Ileum: final part of small intestine, helps digest food and absorb nutrients
- Villi absorb nutrients from the small intestine
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human body systems, including endocrine, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, integumentary, muscular, and nervous systems.
