Human Body Systems Quiz

Body Systems

• Regulation of body processes through hormone production is controlled by the Endocrine system
• Gas exchange between internal and external environment is facilitated by the Respiratory system
• Digestive system is responsible for physical and chemical breakdown of food for nutrient absorption
• Reproductive system produces reproductive cells for generating offspring
• Integumentary system provides protection against external environment and regulates temperature
• Muscular system enables voluntary and involuntary movement
• Nervous system processes sensory input and elicits appropriate responses
• Cardiovascular system circulates blood, transporting gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
• Lymphatic system circulates lymph, maintaining fluid balance and fighting infection
• Urinary system filters blood and excretes waste from the body
• Skeletal system provides support and protection for internal organs

Cells and Tissues

• Cells are the basic units of living things, responsible for essential life processes
• Tissues are groups of cells working together to perform specialized functions
• Epithelial tissue protects the body from physical, chemical, and biological damage
• Connective tissue binds cells and organs together, providing support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances
• Connective tissue is composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides, allowing for nutrient diffusion
• Collagen fibers provide tensile strength, elastic fibers stretch with recoil, and reticular fibers provide support
• Cartilage provides padding, flexibility, and shock absorption
• Adipose tissue provides insulation, energy storage, and protective cushioning
• Fibrous connective tissue provides support and shock absorption in muscles, bone, and skin
• Blood connective tissue is a liquid connective tissue made up of cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
• Muscular tissue enables cells to shorten or contract for movement

Digestive System

• Mouth: food is chewed and mixed with saliva
• Pharynx: receives chewed food for swallowing
• Esophagus: transports food from pharynx to stomach
• Stomach: churns food with gastric juices
• Small intestine: breaks down partly digested food into nutrients for absorption
• Large intestine: absorbs remaining waste from small intestine
• Rectum: waste material is expelled from the body through the anus as feces
• Salivary glands produce saliva containing amylase, breaking down carbohydrates
• Bolus triggers swallowing after passing the pharynx
• Epiglottis controls what passes into the trachea
• Trachea leads to the lung
• Peristalsis: contractions move food through the digestive tract
• Pepsin breaks down protein into amino acids
• HCI activates enzymes that kill bacteria and lowers the pH
• Chyme: bolus after digestion at the stomach and small intestine
• Pyloric sphincter controls passage of food from stomach to duodenum
• Duodenum: first part of small intestine, receives chyme from stomach
• Pancreas produces important digestive enzymes
• Jejunum: middle part of small intestine, helps digest food coming from stomach
• Ileum: final part of small intestine, helps digest food and absorb nutrients
• Villi absorb nutrients from the small intestine