Human Body Systems Overview

The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and helps remove waste products.

The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.

The heart pumps blood throughout the body.

<p>The three main types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and facilitate the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and body cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, moving food down by squeezing through a process called peristalsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach is a muscular bag where chemical and mechanical digestion continues. Food stays in the stomach for approximately 4 hours and is transformed into a mixture called chyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small intestine is a long, coiled tube where digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are added, and villi absorb small nutrient molecules. All chemical and physical digestion ends in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The respiratory system takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide, allowing for gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major structures of the respiratory system include the lungs, nose, mouth, and trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tiny air sacs in the lungs are called alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas exchange in the lungs occurs through the process of diffusion, where gases move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm is a muscle that contracts and relaxes to help move air into and out of the lungs during breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and form urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscular system facilitates movement, both voluntary and involuntary, and plays a vital role in various bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of muscle tissue are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscles work in opposing pairs. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes, enabling movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skeletal system provides support and structure for the body, protects vital organs, allows for movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main components of the skeletal system are bones and joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reproductive system is responsible for producing sex cells (gametes) and facilitating the continuation of the species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male reproductive system produces sperm, while the female reproductive system produces eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system regulates behavior, maintains homeostasis, controls other organ systems, and orchestrates sensory and motor functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major structures of the nervous system include the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic cell type of the nervous system is the neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system regulates various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood, through the production and release of hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major glands of the endocrine system include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, testes (males), and ovaries (females).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lymphatic system is part of the immune system, working alongside the circulatory system. It helps filter fluids, transport fats, and fight infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The integumentary system, which consists of the skin and its appendages, acts as a protective barrier, regulating temperature, and providing sensory input.</p> Signup and view all the answers