Human Body Systems Overview Quiz

Nervous System

• Cerebrum: Largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and emotion.
• Cerebellum: Coordinates movement, balance, and posture; essential for motor control and learning new physical skills.

Endocrine System

• Adrenal Gland: Produces hormones like adrenaline that regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress reactions.
• Thyroid: Regulates metabolism through hormones such as thyroxine; influences growth and energy levels.
• Ovaries: Produce estrogen and progesterone, crucial for female reproductive health and regulation of the menstrual cycle.
• Testes: Responsible for producing testosterone, vital for male sexual development and sperm production.

Cardiovascular System

• Heart: Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body; ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removal of waste products.

Respiratory System

• Lungs: Main organs of respiration; facilitate gas exchange—oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion.
• Trachea: Air passageway connecting the throat (pharynx) to the lungs; contains cartilage rings for structure.

Digestive System

• Stomach: Breaks down food using acid and enzymes; churns food into a semi-liquid form known as chyme.
• Liver: Produces bile to help digest fats; also processes nutrients and detoxifies harmful substances.
• Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels.
• Small Intestine: Site of most digestion and nutrient absorption; consists of three segments: duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
• Large Intestine: Absorbs water and salts from indigestible food matter; compacts waste into feces for excretion.

Lymphatic System

• Spleen: Filters blood, recycles iron, and plays a role in immune system responses by storing white blood cells.

Urinary System

• Kidneys: Filter blood to produce urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and remove waste products.
• Urinary Bladder: Stores urine until it is excreted from the body; controls urination process.