29 Questions
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
Protection from the outside world
Which body system is responsible for transporting oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood?
Respiratory system
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Support and protection
Which system is known as one of the two control systems in the body?
Endocrine system
What does the urinary system primarily eliminate?
Excess salts
Which term refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body?
Metabolism
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues
Which system is responsible for shivering to produce heat?
Muscular system
Which chemical reaction type involves breaking down complex molecules to harvest energy or for digestion?
Catabolism
Which system is responsible for transporting lymph throughout the body?
Lymphatic system
Which system is essential for bringing oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood for gas exchange?
Respiratory system
Which organ is not part of the reproductive system?
Brain
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Uses hormones for communication
'Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism.' Which term refers to chemical reactions that build up larger molecules?
'Anabolism'
'Largest sensory organ' is a characteristic of which body system?
'Integumentary system'
'Stores calcium' is a primary function of which body system?
'Skeletal system'
Which type of fluid is considered intracellular?
Lymph
Which body position involves lying face down?
Supine
Which plane divides the body into front and back portions?
Transverse plane
Which term describes a cut that separates the body into equal right and left portions?
Parasagittal
What is the term for the fluid in extracellular spaces between cells?
Aqueous humor
Which term refers to being closer to the midline of the body?
Deep
Which feedback system reinforces the stimulus response?
Receptor system
What is the anatomical term for lying face down?
Prone
In the body, where is the cerebrospinal fluid found?
Around the brain and spinal cord
Which plane divides the body into right and left portions with more on one side than the other?
Sagittal (midsagittal) plane
What is the function of a receptor in a negative feedback system?
Detect change
What is the term for the extracellular fluid inside lymphatic vessels?
Lymph
Which term describes being closer to the point of attachment in the body?
Proximal
Study Notes
Integumentary System
- Primary function: protection from the outside world
- Protects from abrasions, sun, and helps retain water
- Largest sensory organ, makes vitamin D, and regulates temperature by sweating
- Insulates us and made of skin, glands, hair, and nails
Skeletal System
- All of the bones, joints, and various cartilages
- Primary function: support and protection
- Vital organs are at least partially enclosed in bones
- Stores calcium
Muscular System
- All of the skeletal muscles attached to the bones
- Allows us to move, gives us posture, and produces heat (shivering)
Nervous System
- Brain and spinal cord
- Very important as one of the two control systems in the body
- Collects information and sends out signals to the body
Endocrine System
- The other control center in the body
- Uses hormones and doesn't respond as fast as the nervous system
- Made of glands and tissues
Cardiovascular System
- Heart and blood vessels
- Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues, and brings carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
- Moves water and nutrients throughout the body, and waste to kidneys for elimination
Lymphatic System
- Brings lymph throughout the body
Respiratory System
- Brings oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood
- Responsible for gas exchange, oxygen needs to get into the blood, and carbon dioxide to get out of the blood
Digestive System
- GI tract, runs from mouth to anus
- Breaks down food into molecules, and useful molecules are digested
- Everything left over is eliminated
Urinary System
- Eliminates waste (urea), and excess salts
Reproductive System
- Function is to produce sex cells
- Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, ductus deferens, and penis
Metabolism
- Sum of all chemical reactions in the body
- Anabolism + catabolism = metabolism
Anabolism and Catabolism
- Anabolism: chemical reactions that build up larger molecules, consume energy
- Catabolism: chemical reactions that break down complex molecules to harvest energy or digestion
Responsiveness
- Body's ability to detect and respond to changes
- Maintaining homeostasis
Movement
- Motion of the whole body and individual organs (heart)
Growth
- Development of the body
Body Fluids
- Interstitial fluid: extracellular fluid in the narrow spaces between cells
- Plasma: extracellular fluid in blood
- Lymph: extracellular fluid inside lymphatic vessels
- Cerebrospinal fluid: extracellular fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
- Synovial fluid: extracellular fluid inside joints
- Aqueous humor: extracellular fluid in the eye
- Intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid inside cells (cytosol)
Feedback Systems
- Negative feedback system: reverses a change in the controlled condition (response is the opposite of the stimulus)
- Positive feedback system: the response to the stimulus is to reinforce the stimulus (childbirth, fire)
Anatomical Position and Directions
- Anatomical position: standing straight up with palms forward
- Supine: lying face up
- Prone: lying face down
- Superior: above
- Inferior: below
- Anterior: in front of
- Posterior: behind
- Ventral: toward the front (belly)
- Dorsal: toward the back
- Medial: closer to the midline of the body
- Lateral: away from the midline of the body
- Proximal: closer to the point of attachment
- Distal: further from the point of attachment
- Superficial: close to the surface
- Deep: further from the surface
- Parietal: lining the walls of a cavity
- Visceral: lining the organs in a cavity
Body Planes
- Transverse plane: cutting the body into superior and inferior portions
- Frontal plane: cutting the body into front and back portions (anterior and posterior portions)
- Sagittal (midsagittal) plane: cutting the body into equal right and left portions
- Parasagittal plane: cutting the body into right and left portions but more on one side than the other
- Oblique plane: cutting in a random plane
Explore the primary functions of the integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system in the human body. Learn how these systems work together to provide protection, support, movement, and more.
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