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Questions and Answers
Which of the following organ systems is responsible for controlling the body's functions?
Which body region includes the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis?
What is the term for 'towards the midline'?
In the anatomical position, what is the direction of the palms?
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Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
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How many major organ systems are in the human body?
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What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
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What type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs?
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What is the primary function of the nervous system?
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What is the main function of the circulatory system?
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What is the main function of the digestive system?
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What are the two main parts of the skeletal system?
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What type of muscle is found in the heart?
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What is the main function of the peripheral nervous system?
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Study Notes
Organ Systems
- 11 major organ systems in the human body:
- Nervous system
- Circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Endocrine system
- Integumentary system
- Muscular system
- Skeletal system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
- Lymphatic system
Body Regions
- Divided into:
- Axial region: head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
- Appendicular region: upper and lower limbs
Body Cavities
- 2 main body cavities:
- Dorsal cavity: contains the brain and spinal cord
- Ventral cavity: contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- Ventral cavity further divided into:
- Thoracic cavity: contains the heart and lungs
- Abdominopelvic cavity: contains the abdominal and pelvic organs
Directional Terms
- Used to describe the location of body parts:
- Anterior (front)
- Posterior (back)
- Superior (above)
- Inferior (below)
- Medial (towards the midline)
- Lateral (away from the midline)
- Proximal (near the trunk)
- Distal (away from the trunk)
Anatomical Position
- Standard reference position:
- Standing upright
- Feet shoulder-width apart
- Arms at the sides
- Palms facing forward
- Toes pointing forward
Anatomical Planes
- Used to describe the location of body parts:
- Sagittal plane: divides the body into left and right halves
- Frontal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
- Transverse plane: divides the body into superior and inferior halves
Organ Systems
- There are 11 major organ systems in the human body
- These systems include the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, muscular, skeletal, urinary, reproductive, and lymphatic systems
Body Regions
- The body is divided into two main regions: axial and appendicular
- The axial region includes the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
- The appendicular region includes the upper and lower limbs
Body Cavities
- There are two main body cavities: dorsal and ventral
- The dorsal cavity contains the brain and spinal cord
- The ventral cavity is further divided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs
- The abdominopelvic cavity contains the abdominal and pelvic organs
Directional Terms
- Directional terms are used to describe the location of body parts
- Anterior refers to the front of the body
- Posterior refers to the back of the body
- Superior refers to a location above another
- Inferior refers to a location below another
- Medial refers to a location towards the midline
- Lateral refers to a location away from the midline
- Proximal refers to a location near the trunk
- Distal refers to a location away from the trunk
Anatomical Position
- The anatomical position is a standard reference position
- In this position, the body is standing upright with the feet shoulder-width apart
- The arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward
- The toes are pointing forward
Anatomical Planes
- Anatomical planes are used to describe the location of body parts
- The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves
- The frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
- The transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior halves
Skeletal System
- Comprised of 206 bones that provide framework, protection, and movement for the body
- Supports the body's framework, allowing for upright posture and movement
- Protects internal organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs
- Acts as a site for muscle attachment, enabling movement and locomotion
- Produces blood cells, including red and white blood cells and platelets
- Stores minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, essential for bone growth and development
Muscular System
- Comprised of three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles
- Skeletal muscles are voluntary and striated, attached to bones, and enable movement and locomotion
- Smooth muscles are involuntary and non-striated, found in walls of hollow organs, and facilitate movement of substances through them
- Cardiac muscles are involuntary and striated, found in the heart, and pump blood throughout the body
- Enables movement and locomotion, maintenance of posture, and regulation of body temperature
- Supports other systems, such as circulation and digestion
Nervous System
- Comprised of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, integrating and processing information
- PNS includes nerves that connect CNS to the rest of the body, transmitting information to and from CNS
- Enables control and coordination of body functions, interpretation and response to sensory information, and thought, emotion, and behavior
Circulatory System
- Comprised of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries, facilitating blood flow and exchange of oxygen and nutrients
- Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to cells, removes waste products, and regulates body temperature
- Maintains blood pressure, ensuring proper circulation and overall health
Digestive System
- Comprised of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs
- Mouth breaks down food into smaller particles, mixing with saliva that contains enzymes
- Esophagus transports food to the stomach, where it is further broken down by acid and enzymes
- Small intestine absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream, while the large intestine eliminates waste products
- Accessory organs, such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients
- Regulates the balance of fluids and electrolytes, ensuring proper hydration and bodily functions
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Description
Learn about the 11 major organ systems in the human body, body regions, and body cavities. Understand the different systems, their functions, and how they work together.
