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Questions and Answers
Which system is responsible for transmitting and processing information?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Which tissue type is responsible for supporting and connecting other tissues?
What is the term for the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment?
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Which body cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities?
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What is the term for the direction towards the midline of the body?
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Which organ is composed of muscle and connective tissue?
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What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
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Which system is responsible for defending the body against pathogens?
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What is the term for the direction away from the point of attachment?
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Study Notes
Organ Systems
- 11 major organ systems in the human body:
- Nervous system
- Circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Endocrine system
- Immune system
- Integumentary system
- Muscular system
- Skeletal system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
Cellular Level
- Basic components of a cell:
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape
- Provides support and structure
Tissue Level
- 4 primary tissue types:
- Epithelial tissue (covers body surfaces, lines cavities)
- Connective tissue (supports and connects other tissues)
- Muscle tissue (contracts to produce movement)
- Nervous tissue (transmits and processes information)
Organ Level
- Organs composed of 2 or more tissue types
- Examples:
- Heart (muscle and connective tissue)
- Liver (epithelial and connective tissue)
Homeostasis
- Ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
- Negative feedback mechanisms:
- Detect changes in the body
- Counteract changes to maintain homeostasis
- Examples:
- Thermoregulation (body temperature)
- Blood sugar regulation
Body Cavities
- 2 main body cavities:
- Dorsal cavity (cranial and spinal cavities)
- Ventral cavity (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities)
- Body cavities contain and protect internal organs
Directional Terms
- Used to describe body parts and their relationships
- Examples:
- Anterior (front)
- Posterior (back)
- Proximal (near the point of attachment)
- Distal (far from the point of attachment)
- Superior (above)
- Inferior (below)
- Medial (toward the midline)
- Lateral (away from the midline)
Organ Systems
- 11 major organ systems in the human body, including:
- Nervous system
- Circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Endocrine system
- Immune system
- Integumentary system
- Muscular system
- Skeletal system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
Cellular Level
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and maintains cell shape
- Cytoplasm provides mechanical support and helps move materials within the cell
- Nucleus contains genetic material
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell
Cellular Function
- Cell membrane functions include:
- Regulating what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintaining cell shape
- Providing support and structure
Tissue Level
Tissue Types
- 4 primary tissue types:
- Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities
- Connective tissue supports and connects other tissues
- Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement
- Nervous tissue transmits and processes information
Organ Level
Organ Composition
- Organs are composed of 2 or more tissue types
- Examples:
- Heart consists of muscle and connective tissue
- Liver consists of epithelial and connective tissue
Homeostasis
Definition
- Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
- Negative feedback mechanisms detect changes in the body and counteract changes to maintain homeostasis
- Examples:
- Thermoregulation maintains body temperature
- Blood sugar regulation maintains blood sugar levels
Body Cavities
Body Cavity Types
- 2 main body cavities:
- Dorsal cavity includes cranial and spinal cavities
- Ventral cavity includes thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
Body Cavity Functions
- Body cavities contain and protect internal organs
Directional Terms
Directional Terms List
- Directional terms are used to describe body parts and their relationships
- Examples:
- Anterior refers to the front of the body
- Posterior refers to the back of the body
- Proximal refers to the point near the point of attachment
- Distal refers to the point far from the point of attachment
- Superior refers to the point above
- Inferior refers to the point below
- Medial refers to the point toward the midline
- Lateral refers to the point away from the midline
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Description
This quiz covers the 11 major organ systems in the human body and the basic components of a cell, including their functions. Test your knowledge of the human body from systems to cellular level!
