Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of physiology?
What is the primary focus of physiology?
Which set of directional terms is correctly defined?
Which set of directional terms is correctly defined?
What type of tissue primarily provides support and protection?
What type of tissue primarily provides support and protection?
Which of the following is NOT one of the skin layers?
Which of the following is NOT one of the skin layers?
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What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
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Which type of epithelial tissue provides the most protection?
Which type of epithelial tissue provides the most protection?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
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Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
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Study Notes
Human Body Orientation and Anatomy
- Anatomy studies structure. Physiology studies function.
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Directional Terms:
- Superior/Inferior: above/below
- Anterior/Posterior: front/back
- Medial/Lateral: toward/away from midline
- Proximal/Distal: closer/farther from point of attachment
- Superficial/Deep: near surface/deep inside
- Regional Terms: Cephalic (head), cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), abdominal (stomach), pelvic (hips), pubic (genital), dorsal (back), upper/lower limbs.
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Body Planes:
- Frontal (coronal): divides front and back
- Transverse: divides top & bottom
- Sagittal: divides left & right (midsagittal = equal halves)
- Oblique: diagonal cut
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Body Cavities:
- Dorsal: cranial (brain), vertebral (spinal cord)
- Ventral: thoracic (heart, lungs), abdominopelvic (abdominal & pelvic organs)
- Levels of Organization: Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism
- Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions (like temperature and pH).
Cell and Tissue Classification
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Tissue Types:
- Epithelial: Covers surfaces, including squamous, cuboidal, and columnar (simple & stratified)
- Connective: Supports, protects, stores (e.g., bone, blood, cartilage)
- Muscle: Movement (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
- Nervous: Signal transmission (neurons, neuroglia)
- Epithelial Tissue Naming: Based on cell layers (simple/stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).
Integumentary System
- Functions: Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, excretion/absorption
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Skin Layers:
- Epidermis: outer protection layer
- Dermis: connective tissue (sensory & strength)
- Hypodermis: fat layer (insulation)
- Skin Color: Melanin, hemoglobin, & carotene contribute to pigmentation.
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Hair, Nails, Glands:
- Hair (protection)
- Nails (protection)
- Sebaceous/Sweat glands (excretion, cooling)
- Diseases: Skin cancer (mutation → uncontrolled growth), burns (classified by depth), acne, psoriasis (inflammation, infection, or autoimmunity).
Skeletal System
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Bone Anatomy/Histology:
- Compact bone (osteons, osteocytes (in lacunae) and canaliculi. )
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of human body orientation and anatomy in this quiz. Delve into directional terms, body planes, and regional terminology while learning about the various body cavities and levels of organization. Test your knowledge on how these aspects contribute to the overall function and structure of the human body.
