Human Body Chapter 6 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of respiration in the human body?

Filters waste products from the blood.

Regulates blood pressure and heart rate.

Digests food and absorbs nutrients.

Provides cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. (correct)

How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the bloodstream?

Filtration, passing through tiny pores in the alveoli walls.

Diffusion, moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (correct)

Active transport, using energy to move oxygen against its concentration gradient.

Osmosis, moving water across a semipermeable membrane.

What is the primary trigger for breathing?

An increase in body temperature.

A decrease in oxygen levels in the blood.

A decrease in blood pressure.

An increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. (correct)

What is the role of the hypoxic drive in respiration?

To stimulate breathing when oxygen levels fall. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal inhalation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a person has the 'wind knocked out' of them?

Their residual volume decreases due to air being expelled from the lungs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about breathing is TRUE?

Breathing is primarily controlled by the brainstem, sensing carbon dioxide levels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes shock from hypoperfusion?

Shock always involves systemic effects. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical adjustment of the pulse rate when blood pressure falls?

It increases to maintain cardiac output. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What roles do epinephrine and norepinephrine play in the body?

They stimulate heart and blood vessel activity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are alpha-adrenergic receptors primarily located?

In the blood vessels. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when beta-1 adrenergic receptors are stimulated?

The heart rate increases and contraction strength improves. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which system has the primary effect of slowing the heart rate?

The parasympathetic nervous system. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of blood vessel constriction caused by alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation?

Increased blood pressure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to nutrients and wastes during the process of cellular respiration?

Nutrients move from interstitial space to capillaries. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for keeping the trachea from collapsing during inhalation and exhalation?

Rings of cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the respiratory system?

Alveoli (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fluid found between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

To lubricate and allow smooth movement of the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for breathing?

Diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not a contraindication for administering epinephrine?

Mitral stenosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does epinephrine have on blood vessels?

Constricts blood vessels, causing increased blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for dividing the thorax from the abdomen?

The diaphragm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure where the trachea branches into the two main stem bronchi?

Carina (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which administration step is crucial when giving epinephrine?

Hold the unit firmly against the thigh after insertion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common route for naloxone administration?

Intranasal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when air or blood leaks into the pleural space?

The lungs collapse (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct cause of heart attack related to coronary arteries?

Aggregation of platelets (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about antiplatelet medications is true?

They decrease the ability of blood platelets to stick together. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of the diaphragm?

It has characteristics of both voluntary and involuntary muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important step before administering intranasal medication?

Confirm the patient's medication allergies. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of nitroglycerin in heart-related treatments?

To relieve spasms and dilate arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to check a patient's blood pressure before administering nitroglycerin?

To prevent potential harmful effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of epinephrine administration?

Burning sensation at the injection site (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a patient experiences a significant decrease in blood pressure after taking nitroglycerin?

Have them lie down (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications interferes with blood clotting mechanisms?

Warfarin (B), Rivaroxaban (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a dangerous interaction when administering nitroglycerin?

Erectile dysfunction medications (D) Signup and view all the answers

What common side effect can occur after administering nitroglycerin?

Mild headache or burning sensation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time to wait before repeating a dose of nitroglycerin?

5 minutes (D) Signup and view all the answers

When is epinephrine not indicated for use?

When a patient shows no signs of allergic reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these routes of administration is used for medications that need to enter the bloodstream immediately?

Intravenous (IV) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the intraosseous (IO) route often used in unconscious patients?

It is the most reliable route for unconscious patients. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sublingual route preferred for medications like nitroglycerin?

It avoids the acidic environment of the stomach, protecting the medication. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of administering medications via IM injection?

Delayed and uneven absorption. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a benefit of using an MDI?

It avoids the digestive system. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to shake an MDI before administering the medication?

To ensure the medication is mixed evenly with the propellant. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration utilizes a specialized device to aerosolize the medication?

Intranasal (IN) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are considered routes of administration for medications?

Inhalation, Intramuscular, Sublingual, Intraosseous, Intranasal, Oral (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 6 - Human Body

Anatomy studies the body's structure.
Physiology details the body's functions.
Pathophysiology examines how disease alters function.
Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form systems.
The skeletal system has 206 bones, giving form, protecting vital organs, and enabling movement.
Joints are where bones meet, stabilized by ligaments and connected to muscles by tendons.
The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx).
The spinal cord passes through the foramen magnum.
The thorax contains the heart, lungs and other vital organs.

Physiology

The musculoskeletal system produces heat through shivering.
Respiratory system handles oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
The Skeletal muscle are voluntary. Smooth and Cardiac muscle are involuntary.
The musculoskeletal system supports the body and attaches organs.

Respiratory System

The thorax contains essential organs for breathing.
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs, facilitating gas exchange.
Pleura are tissue layers surrounding the lungs, permitting smooth gliding.
The diaphragm is the primary breathing muscle.
Gas exchange occurs at the microscopic level in the alveoli.
Respiration is the exchange of gasses.
Ventilation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Expiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of exhaled air.

Circulatory System

Blood contains plasma, red/white blood cells, platelets and proteins.
The heart is a four-chambered pump.
The heart pumps oxygenated blood through the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Valves prevent backflow.
Heart rates are usually 60-100 beats per minute.
Blood pressure is the force of blood against vessel walls.

Nervous System

The nervous system controls nearly all body functions.
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves comprise the CNS.
The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic systems.
The cerebellum coordinates balance and movement.
The brainstem regulates vital body functions.

Pharmacology

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the body.
Medications are used to treat or prevent disease, or to relieve pain.
Pharmacodynamics explains how medications work on the body.
Receptors are sites where medications bind to produce effects.
Medications are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.
Indications describe circumstances where a medication is beneficial.
Contradictions are situations in which a medication is contraindicated.
Adverse effects are any unintended or harmful effects.
Enteral medications are taken orally.
Parenteral medications are not taken orally.

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Description

Explore the intricate structures and functions of the human body in Chapter 6. This quiz covers key concepts of anatomy, physiology, and the vital systems that uphold bodily functions. Test your knowledge on bones, muscles, and the respiratory system.