90 Questions
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Providing oxygen to body tissues
What is the process of gas exchange in the respiratory system?
Respiration
Which structure is responsible for the actual mechanical intake of air?
Trachea
What role do the sinuses play in the respiratory system?
Warming and humidifying incoming air
What are the bony projections found in the wall of the nasal cavity?
Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
What is the purpose of the three bony projections in the nasal cavity?
To increase surface area of the nasal cavity
What is the relationship between pressure and volume according to Boyle's law?
Inversely related
During inspiration, what happens to thoracic volume?
It increases
How does gas move during expiration from the lungs into the environment?
Passive process due to elastic recoil
When does gas move from the environment into the lungs?
When intraalveolar pressure is below atmospheric pressure
Which gases always diffuse from high pressure to low pressure?
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
What causes the decrease in intraalveolar pressure during inspiration?
Recoil of elastic tissues
What is the role of alveolar pores in the lungs?
Facilitate equal air pressure throughout the alveoli
Which structure facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?
Alveolus
What is the function of visceral pleura in the lungs?
Cover the surface of the lungs
What is the primary role of plural fluid in the pleural cavity?
Minimize friction between tissues
What does the Gas law state about the diffusion of gas molecules?
Gas molecules always diffuse from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area
How does the presence of alveoli contribute to gas exchange?
By increasing surface area for gas exchange
What is the function of the sinuses in the skull?
Produce mucus and lighten the weight of the skull
Which structure in the nasal cavity traps debris by producing mucus?
Goblet cells
What is the role of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in the nasopharynx?
Contains lymphocytes and traps invading pathogens
What is the function of the uvula and soft palate during swallowing?
Close off the nasopharynx to prevent ingested materials from entering the nasal cavity
Why do colds often lead to ear infections?
Due to the auditory tubes connecting to each middle ear cavity opening into the nasopharynx
Which part of the pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food?
Oropharynx
What is the function of the palatine and lingual tonsils?
Trap and destroy pathogens
What does the epiglottis do?
Covers the opening of the trachea
What is the function of the larynx?
Help regulate the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs
What is the glottis composed of?
True vocal cords and epiglottis
What allows the true vocal cords to produce sound?
Their free inner edges for oscillation
How does the trachea differ from the larynx?
Facilitates air exchange in the lungs
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Provide oxygen to body tissues
What is the purpose of the bony projections in the nasal cavity?
To increase surface area and disrupt air flow
What is the process of cellular respiration?
Release of energy from food breakdown in the presence of oxygen
Which structure is responsible for warm and humidifying incoming air?
Sinuses
What is the sequence of tubes in the respiratory system leading to the alveoli?
Primary bronchi → secondary bronchi → tertiary bronchi → bronchioles → alveolar sacs
What is the role of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
To increase surface area and disrupt air flow
What is the function of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in the nasopharynx?
Traps and destroys invading pathogens
Which sinuses are named for their associated bones?
Frontal sinus and maxillary sinus
What is the role of the uvula during swallowing?
Prevents ingested materials from entering the nasal cavity
Why do colds often lead to ear infections?
Connection of auditory tubes to the middle ear cavity
What does the nasal cavity line with mucous membranes contain?
Sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Where is the nasopharynx located?
Flanked by the conchae of the nasal cavity
What is the function of the fibroelastic membrane in the trachea?
To allow stretching and expansion during breathing
How does the diameter of bronchioles differ from that of tertiary bronchi?
Bronchioles have diameters down to 1 mm
What type of cells compose the lining tissue from the alveolar duct to the alveoli?
Simple squamous epithelium cells
Why do bronchioles not need cartilage rings for support?
As their diameter is down to 1 mm
How does smooth muscle impact air flow through the bronchial tree?
By changing the size of the tubing to increase or decrease air flow
What surrounds each alveolus to facilitate gas exchange?
A network of capillaries
What is the function of the true vocal cords in the larynx?
Produce sound through oscillation
Which structure covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway?
Epiglottis
What is the role of the glottis in the larynx?
Producing sound through vocal cord oscillation
Which factor contributes to producing voices with different pitch ranges?
Membranous folds of the true vocal cords
What distinguishes the palatine and lingual tonsils from other structures in the respiratory system?
They trap and destroy pathogens entering through oral or nasal cavities
During expiration (exhalation), what happens to the thoracic volume?
It decreases
How does the laryngopharynx differ in its openings at its front and back ends?
It opens to the larynx at the front and esophagus at the back
What is the primary cause of gases moving from the lungs into the environment during expiration?
Decrease in intraalveolar pressure below atmospheric pressure
Which process involves nerve impulses from the medulla oblongata causing diaphragm contraction?
Inspiration
What happens to intraalveolar pressure during inspiration?
It falls below atmospheric pressure
Which of the following describes the relationship between pressure and volume based on Boyle's law?
Inversely proportional
What is the primary driving force for gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues?
Concentration gradient of gases
Anoxia refers to the excess of oxygen within tissues.
False
Bronchospasms in asthma are characterized by the dilation of the bronchioles.
False
Tachypnea is a term that describes slow and deep breathing.
False
In asthma, excessive mucus secretion can contribute to blockage of the airway.
True
The nasopharynx is not flanked by the conchae of the nasal cavity.
False
The uvula moves downward during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx.
False
During an asthma attack, symptoms may include coughing and tightness of the chest.
True
The pharyngeal tonsil at the top of the nasopharynx is also known as the adenoid.
True
Hypoxia is characterized by the diminished availability of oxygen in the tissues.
True
The oropharynx only serves as an airway.
False
The auditory tubes connect to the inner ear cavity from the oropharynx.
False
The sinuses do not contribute to lightening the weight of the skull.
False
The palatine and lingual tonsils are not composed of lymphoid tissue.
False
The glottis is composed of the vocal folds and the epiglottis.
False
The inner edges of the true vocal cords are fixed, not allowing any movement for sound production.
False
Males have smaller membranous folds in their true vocal cords compared to females, resulting in higher pitched voices.
False
The trachea is formed by 10 to 15 stacked pieces of cartilage.
False
The laryngopharynx opens into the esophagus at the front and the larynx at the back.
False
Alveoli are connected to their neighbors by alveolar pores, which help maintain different air pressure throughout the alveoli and lung.
False
The pleural cavity is filled with plasma fluid to minimize friction between the tissues.
False
Surfactant secreted by the lungs hinders the surface tension.
False
Partial pressure (Px) is the pressure of a single type of gas in a mixture of gases.
True
According to the Gas Law, gas molecules always diffuse from a lower pressure area to a higher pressure area.
False
The atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gaseous molecules, exerting no pressure referred to as atmospheric pressure.
False
The primary bronchi branch off the trachea towards the right and left lungs.
True
The tertiary bronchi have diameters that are larger than the bronchioles.
False
Each lung contains over 1000 terminal bronchioles.
True
The smooth muscle in the bronchial tree can only decrease air flow through it.
False
The alveoli are surrounded by a network of veins.
False
The trachea is mainly composed of cuboidal cells.
False
This quiz covers the functions of the respiratory system in human biology, including providing oxygen to body tissues, removing carbon dioxide, maintaining acid-base balance, and performing non-vital functions like sensing odors and speech production. It also explores the concepts of cellular respiration and gas exchange in depth.
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