Human Biology Lecture 11: Respiratory System Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the respiratory system?

  • Breaking down food
  • Speech production
  • Sensing odors
  • Providing oxygen to body tissues (correct)

    • What is the process of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

  • Respiration (correct)
  • Breathing
  • Coughing
  • Odor sensing

    • Which structure is responsible for the actual mechanical intake of air?

  • Alveoli
  • Bronchioles
  • Trachea (correct)
  • Larynx

    • What role do the sinuses play in the respiratory system?

    <p>Warming and humidifying incoming air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the bony projections found in the wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the three bony projections in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To increase surface area of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pressure and volume according to Boyle's law?

    <p>Inversely related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inspiration, what happens to thoracic volume?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gas move during expiration from the lungs into the environment?

    <p>Passive process due to elastic recoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does gas move from the environment into the lungs?

    <p>When intraalveolar pressure is below atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gases always diffuse from high pressure to low pressure?

    <p>Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the decrease in intraalveolar pressure during inspiration?

    <p>Recoil of elastic tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alveolar pores in the lungs?

    <p>Facilitate equal air pressure throughout the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?

    <p>Alveolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of visceral pleura in the lungs?

    <p>Cover the surface of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of plural fluid in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Minimize friction between tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Gas law state about the diffusion of gas molecules?

    <p>Gas molecules always diffuse from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of alveoli contribute to gas exchange?

    <p>By increasing surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sinuses in the skull?

    <p>Produce mucus and lighten the weight of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the nasal cavity traps debris by producing mucus?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Contains lymphocytes and traps invading pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the uvula and soft palate during swallowing?

    <p>Close off the nasopharynx to prevent ingested materials from entering the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do colds often lead to ear infections?

    <p>Due to the auditory tubes connecting to each middle ear cavity opening into the nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the palatine and lingual tonsils?

    <p>Trap and destroy pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the epiglottis do?

    <p>Covers the opening of the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the larynx?

    <p>Help regulate the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the glottis composed of?

    <p>True vocal cords and epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the true vocal cords to produce sound?

    <p>Their free inner edges for oscillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the trachea differ from the larynx?

    <p>Facilitates air exchange in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Provide oxygen to body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bony projections in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To increase surface area and disrupt air flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of cellular respiration?

    <p>Release of energy from food breakdown in the presence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for warm and humidifying incoming air?

    <p>Sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of tubes in the respiratory system leading to the alveoli?

    <p>Primary bronchi → secondary bronchi → tertiary bronchi → bronchioles → alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To increase surface area and disrupt air flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Traps and destroys invading pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinuses are named for their associated bones?

    <p>Frontal sinus and maxillary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the uvula during swallowing?

    <p>Prevents ingested materials from entering the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do colds often lead to ear infections?

    <p>Connection of auditory tubes to the middle ear cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nasal cavity line with mucous membranes contain?

    <p>Sebaceous glands and hair follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nasopharynx located?

    <p>Flanked by the conchae of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fibroelastic membrane in the trachea?

    <p>To allow stretching and expansion during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the diameter of bronchioles differ from that of tertiary bronchi?

    <p>Bronchioles have diameters down to 1 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells compose the lining tissue from the alveolar duct to the alveoli?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do bronchioles not need cartilage rings for support?

    <p>As their diameter is down to 1 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smooth muscle impact air flow through the bronchial tree?

    <p>By changing the size of the tubing to increase or decrease air flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds each alveolus to facilitate gas exchange?

    <p>A network of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the true vocal cords in the larynx?

    <p>Produce sound through oscillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the glottis in the larynx?

    <p>Producing sound through vocal cord oscillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to producing voices with different pitch ranges?

    <p>Membranous folds of the true vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the palatine and lingual tonsils from other structures in the respiratory system?

    <p>They trap and destroy pathogens entering through oral or nasal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During expiration (exhalation), what happens to the thoracic volume?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the laryngopharynx differ in its openings at its front and back ends?

    <p>It opens to the larynx at the front and esophagus at the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gases moving from the lungs into the environment during expiration?

    <p>Decrease in intraalveolar pressure below atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves nerve impulses from the medulla oblongata causing diaphragm contraction?

    <p>Inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to intraalveolar pressure during inspiration?

    <p>It falls below atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the relationship between pressure and volume based on Boyle's law?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force for gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues?

    <p>Concentration gradient of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anoxia refers to the excess of oxygen within tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bronchospasms in asthma are characterized by the dilation of the bronchioles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tachypnea is a term that describes slow and deep breathing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In asthma, excessive mucus secretion can contribute to blockage of the airway.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx is not flanked by the conchae of the nasal cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uvula moves downward during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an asthma attack, symptoms may include coughing and tightness of the chest.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharyngeal tonsil at the top of the nasopharynx is also known as the adenoid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoxia is characterized by the diminished availability of oxygen in the tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oropharynx only serves as an airway.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The auditory tubes connect to the inner ear cavity from the oropharynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sinuses do not contribute to lightening the weight of the skull.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The palatine and lingual tonsils are not composed of lymphoid tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glottis is composed of the vocal folds and the epiglottis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inner edges of the true vocal cords are fixed, not allowing any movement for sound production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Males have smaller membranous folds in their true vocal cords compared to females, resulting in higher pitched voices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is formed by 10 to 15 stacked pieces of cartilage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngopharynx opens into the esophagus at the front and the larynx at the back.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveoli are connected to their neighbors by alveolar pores, which help maintain different air pressure throughout the alveoli and lung.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pleural cavity is filled with plasma fluid to minimize friction between the tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surfactant secreted by the lungs hinders the surface tension.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Partial pressure (Px) is the pressure of a single type of gas in a mixture of gases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Gas Law, gas molecules always diffuse from a lower pressure area to a higher pressure area.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gaseous molecules, exerting no pressure referred to as atmospheric pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary bronchi branch off the trachea towards the right and left lungs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tertiary bronchi have diameters that are larger than the bronchioles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each lung contains over 1000 terminal bronchioles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The smooth muscle in the bronchial tree can only decrease air flow through it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alveoli are surrounded by a network of veins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is mainly composed of cuboidal cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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