Human Anatomy: The Lungs

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Questions and Answers

What lies immediately adjacent to the ribs and intercostal spaces of the thoracic wall?

  • Hilum
  • Costal surface (correct)
  • Diaphragm
  • Mediastinal surface

Which fissure separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung?

  • Oblique fissure
  • Horizontal fissure (correct)
  • Transverse fissure
  • Longitudinal fissure

Which surface of the lung lies against the mediastinum anteriorly?

  • Inferior surface
  • Costal surface
  • Mediastinal surface (correct)
  • Diaphragmatic surface

How many lobes does the right lung have?

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the apex of the lung project above?

<p>Rib I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which border of the lung separates the base from the costal surface?

<p>Inferior border (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is labeled at the topmost point of the lungs?

<p>Apex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following separates the costal surface from the medial surface?

<p>Anterior and posterior borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the pulmonary veins located in the diagram?

<p>At the hilum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the base (diaphragmatic surface) of the lung relate to?

<p>Inferior border (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs to the lungs with age?

<p>They turn dark and mottled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lungs if the thoracic cavity is opened?

<p>They shrink to one third or less in volume. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure suspends each lung in its own pleural cavity?

<p>The visceral pleura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the child's lungs from an adult's lungs?

<p>They are pink in color. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what are the right and left lungs separated from each other?

<p>The mediastinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Lungs

  • Lungs are soft, spongy, and elastic and would shrink to one-third or less in volume if the thoracic cavity were opened.
  • Lungs are pink in children, but become dark and mottled with age due to the inhalation of dust particles that become trapped in the phagocytes of the lung.

Location and Structure

  • The lungs are separated from each other by the heart and great vessels in the mediastinum.
  • Each lung is conical, covered with visceral pleura, and suspended free in its own pleural cavity, attached to the mediastinum only by its root.

Borders

  • The lungs have three borders: inferior, anterior, and posterior.
  • The inferior border separates the base from the costal surface.
  • The anterior border separates the costal surface from the medial surface.
  • The posterior border separates the costal surface from the medial surface.

Parts of the Lung

  • Each lung has a half-cone shape, with a base, apex, two surfaces, and three borders.
  • The base sits on the diaphragm.
  • The apex projects above rib I and into the root of the neck.
  • The two surfaces are the costal surface and mediastinal surface.
  • The costal surface lies adjacent to the ribs and intercostal spaces of the thoracic wall.
  • The mediastinal surface lies against the mediastinum anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly and contains the comma-shaped hilum of the lung.

Lobes

  • The right lung has three lobes: upper, middle, and lower.
  • The left lung has two lobes: upper and lower.
  • The lobes are separated by the horizontal and oblique fissures.

Hilum

  • The hilum is the point where the bronchus, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins enter the lung.
  • Each lung has a hilum.

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