Human Anatomy - Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Questions and Answers

The skeletal system does not play a role in detoxifying the blood.

False

Skeletal muscles are involuntary muscles attached to bones.

False

The pectoral girdle connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

True

The hand and wrist consist of 36 bones.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscles of the forearm allow for the movement of supination and pronation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functions of the skeletal system include the production of blood cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments are responsible for connecting muscles to bones.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscles contribute to body heat production.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibromyalgia primarily affects individuals younger than 65 years.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rheumatoid arthritis involves the destruction of joint surfaces and can lead to deformity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoarthritis is a disease that primarily affects the synovial membrane of the joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bursitis is caused by overuse of joints that leads to inflammation of the bursa.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myasthenia gravis is a hereditary disorder that leads to progressive muscle weakness.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affects children under the age of 17.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heberden nodes are a result of deterioration in the knee joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fatigue and insomnia are common symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Duchenne muscular dystrophy commonly affects girls who have difficulty walking around the age of 3.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cupping therapy can lead to bruising as a side effect.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle soreness can occur after vigorous exercise if the muscles are not accustomed to the activity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indomethacin is known for its low potency and minimal side effects.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Colle fracture is a common fracture of the tibia below the ankle joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle cramps can result from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paracetamol is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticholinesterase medication is used as a treatment for heart problems.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instrument Assisted therapy uses plastic tools for soft tissue treatment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal spinal curvatures can lead to poor posture.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myofascial Release (MFR) is a form of electrical stimulation therapy.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen inhibits both COX enzymes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle strains are caused solely by excessive use of a muscle without any overstretching or tearing.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasma exchange is a treatment used for lifestyle changes related to muscle disorders.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thermal modalities exclusively use cold treatments on targeted tissues.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acetylsalicylic Acid is commonly used for the prevention of heart attacks.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The skeletal system assists in the production of blood.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Restorative rehabilitation primarily focuses on strengthening and maintaining a function that is gradually being lost.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activities of daily living (ADLs) include eating, bathing, and dressing.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintenance rehabilitation is usually characterized as short-term and intense.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interventional spinal therapeutics is a type of treatment offered in physiatry.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soft tissue injections are not part of the types of treatment available in physical medicine and rehab.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are unrelated to independent living.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spasticity management is not included in the treatments of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bunions occur at the base of the metatarsophalangeal joint and cause misalignment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gout is caused by a deficiency of uric acid in the blood.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Pott fracture is a type of fracture in the femur near the knee.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Talipes equinovarus, also known as clubfoot, is a congenital foot deformity affecting the ankle.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meniscus injuries are primarily a result of impact from heavy falls.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chondromalacia patella is commonly known as runner's knee due to irritation of the patella's undersurface.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carpal tunnel syndrome develops due to swelling of the wrist's bone structures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bursitis is the inflammation of the lubricating sacs associated with the rotator cuff.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal, Muscles, Tendons, Physical Medicine & Rehab

  • Presentation by Team 10 (Kiet Quan Duong, Hannah Pulido, Irene Lee, Roland Foto, Natalia Ayala)
  • Topics covered include the skeletal system, muscles and tendons, axial and appendicular skeletons, disorders and injuries, procedures and pharmacology, and physical medicine & rehab.
  • An interactive component (true or false questions) is included.

Outline

  • Components of the skeletal system
  • Axial skeleton
  • Muscles and tendons
  • Appendicular skeleton
  • Muscles and tendons of the upper and lower extremities
  • Disorders and injuries of muscles and tendons
  • Procedures and pharmacology
  • Physical medicine and rehab
  • Interactive component: True or False

Components of the Skeletal System

  • Bones, tendons, muscles, cartilage, ligaments

What is Skeletal System?

  • Diagram showing bones, tendons, muscles, cartilage, and ligaments
  • Key components: bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage

Functions of the Skeletal System

  • Provides support
  • Protects internal organs
  • Facilitates movement
  • Stores minerals and fats
  • Produces blood cells
  • Detoxifies the blood

How Do Bones Grow?

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Structure of Bones

  • (Topic/slide title only)

What are Joints?

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Joint Movement

  • (Topic/slide title only)

The Axial Skeleton

  • Diagram showing the spinal column, skull, and rib cage
  • Spinal column: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal vertebrae
  • Skull: Various bones
  • Rib cage: Ribs

Components of the Vertebral Column

  • (Topic/slide title only)

The Skull

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Muscles and Tendons

  • 3 types of muscles: Cardiac, skeletal, smooth

3 Types of Muscles

  • Cardiac muscle tissue (involuntary)
  • Skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary)
  • Smooth muscle tissue (involuntary)

Skeletal Muscles

  • Voluntary muscles attached to bones
  • Functions: movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication
  • Different shapes: convergent, fusiform, parallel, multipennate, circular, unipennate, bipennate

Appendicular Skeleton

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Shoulder Girdle and Upper Arm

  • Bones of the pectoral girdle: scapula, clavicle
  • Shoulder joint: connects pectoral girdle to humerus
  • Humerus: bone of the upper arm
  • Two articulations
  • Forearm, wrist, and hand: 27 bones
  • Muscles allow for supination and pronation, wrist and hand flexion/extension, medial and lateral movement

Bones of the Lower Body

  • Pelvic girdle: two hip bones that articulate anteriorly & posteriorly with the sacrum
  • Hip joint: ball-and-socket synovial joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
  • Labrum: cartilage that forms a rim around the hip joint socket
  • Bones of the lower leg: tibia, fibula
  • Ankle joint: 2 joints (between lateral malleolus of the fibula & talus, between medial malleolus of tibia & talus)
  • 26 bones, 33 joints
  • Talus: one of the tarsal bones
  • Bones of the foot: calcaneus, metatarsals, phalanges, etc.

Bones and Joints of the Knee and Thigh

  • Knee as a hinged joint composed of femur, tibia, patella, fibula
  • Crescent-shaped cartilage pads (menisci) within the knee.
  • Articulate with femoral condyles.

Muscles and Tendons of the Upper and Lower Extremities

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Upper Extremities

  • Shoulder girdle is a muscle that connects the arm to the upper body giving it movement.
  • Rotator cuff muscles: Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
  • Clavicle, scapula, humerus

Muscles of the Upper Arm and Elbow Joint

  • Deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis,
  • Movement at the elbow and forearm

Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

  • Gluteus Maximus, Medius, Minimus
  • Adductor muscles (part of the inner thigh)
  • Thigh muscles move the knee and lower leg
  • Quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon
  • Back of thigh (hamstring muscles)
  • Muscles of the lower leg (toe movement, ankle movement)
  • Popliteal fossa (hollow at back of knee)

Disorders and Injuries of Skeletal System

  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteopenia
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Osteomalacia/Rickets
  • Achondroplasia
  • Osteogenic sarcoma
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta

Disorders and Injuries of Muscle and Tendons

  • Fibromyalgia (chronic widespread pain affecting muscles and tendons)
  • Fatigue, depression, insomnia, lower abnormal pain & cramps
  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica (inflammatory muscle disease)
  • Pain in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, buttocks, and thighs.
  • More on the disorders of muscles and tendons

Diseases of Joints

  • Osteoarthritis (chronic inflammatory disease of joints)
  • Breakdown of cartilage in joints
  • Age-related
  • Degenerative joint disease process affecting cartilage.
  • Heberden nodes (formation of bony spurs in finger joints)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (destruction of joint surfaces, capsule and ligaments)
  • Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (inflammation and stiffness in joints in children under 17)
  • Bursitis (inflammation of bursae)

Disorders of Muscles (continued)

  • Myasthenia gravis (chronic autoimmune disease)
  • Antibody block of neurotransmitter movement from motor nerve to muscles
  • Muscular dystrophy (hereditary muscle weakness)
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy (common in boys)

Injuries of Skeletal Muscle

  • Muscle soreness from vigorous exercise
  • Lactic acid buildup, inflammation
  • Muscle strains (tearing)
  • Not warming up
  • Overusing
  • Repetitive injuries
  • Muscle cramps (sudden painful muscle contractions)
  • Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, muscle fatigue, lack of stretching
  • More specifics within different areas of the body
  • Worst cases of muscle cramps
  • Illustrations

Disorders of Spine, Shoulder, Wrist, & Pelvic Girdle

  • Abnormal spinal curvatures (scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis)
  • Shoulder dislocation (ball of humerus slips out of socket)
  • Separation of acromioclavicular joint
  • Colle fractures
  • SI Joint strain
  • Diastasis symphysis pubis

Disorders of Ankle and Foot

  • Bunions (bone swelling at the base of toes)
  • Pott fracture
  • Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
  • Gout

Disorders of Knee

  • ACL injuries
  • Patellar subluxation/dislocation
  • Meniscus injuries
  • Patellar problems
  • Chondromalacia patella
  • Prepatellar bursitis

Common Disorders of the Wrist and Hand

  • Ganglion cysts
  • Synovial tendon sheath cysts on back of wrist
  • Stenosing tenosynovitis (inflammation the synovial sheath on back of wrist)
  • Carpal tunnel disorder

Procedures and Pharmacology for Skeletal System and Muscles & Tendons

  • Diagnostic (arthrography, arthroscopy, bone mineral density [BMD])
  • Therapeutic (arthrocentesis, replacement surgeries, conservative sources [pain relief])

Procedures for Bone Fractures

  • Slings, splints and braces, and casts to immobilize bone
  • Cast material (plaster or fiberglass)
  • Reduction (putting bone back into place)
  • Traction (using weights to pull bone into alignment)
  • External fixation (using pins and rods to hold bone in place)
  • Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

Pharmacology for the Skeletal System

  • Osteoporosis prevention and treatment: calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, calcitonin
  • Other issues (osteoarthritis) use of pain relievers, NSAIDs
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: DMARDs
  • Tumor related: Orencia/Rituxan
  • Specific medicines/drugs related to different skeletal system issues (osteoarthritis)

Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Procedures for Disorders of Muscles & Tendons

  • Blood tests (Creatinine Kinase [CK], Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR])
  • Electromyography [EMG]
  • Nerve conduction studies
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI]
  • Computed Tomography [CT]
  • Ultrasound
  • Muscle biopsy
  • Genetic testing
  • Myositis Specific Antigen (MSA)
  • Specific therapies (exercise, dry needling, cupping)

Therapeutic Procedures (Continued, Physical Therapy)

  • Soft tissue mobilization (STM)
  • Myofascial release (MFR)
  • Instrument assisted techniques (ASTYM)
  • Physical therapy modalities (electrical stimulation, interferential current therapy [IFC], thermal modalities, ultrasound)

Musculoskeletal Drugs

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Acetylsalicylic Acid, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Indomethacin.
  • Paracetamol (not a NSAID)
  • Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Anabolic Steroids

Physical Medicine and Rehab

  • Physiatry (medicine focusing on prevention & treatment of disabilities)
  • Types of treatment in Physiatry
  • Rehabilitation medicine (focusing on function)
  • Restorative rehab
  • Maintenance rehab

Rehabilitation

  • Activities of daily living (ADLs) - routine personal care
  • Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - more complex activities (cooking, driving)
  • Assistive devices, examples of ADLs/IADLs

True or False Questions

  • Specific true/false questions are presented
  • Answers provided for true/false questions.
    • Importance of bone marrow as blood producer.
    • Exercise impact on bone density.
    • Skeletal muscle type.

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Group Presentation (HIHIM 400 - Group 10) (2) - Skeletal, Muscles, Tendons, Physical Medicine & Rehab PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of the skeletal and muscular systems, including their functions, conditions affecting them, and associated terminologies. Test your knowledge on various topics such as involuntary muscles, arthritis types, and the roles of ligaments and muscles in movement.

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