Human Anatomy - Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Questions and Answers

The skeletal system does not play a role in detoxifying the blood.

False (B)

Skeletal muscles are involuntary muscles attached to bones.

False (B)

The pectoral girdle connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

True (A)

The hand and wrist consist of 36 bones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscles of the forearm allow for the movement of supination and pronation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functions of the skeletal system include the production of blood cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments are responsible for connecting muscles to bones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscles contribute to body heat production.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibromyalgia primarily affects individuals younger than 65 years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rheumatoid arthritis involves the destruction of joint surfaces and can lead to deformity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoarthritis is a disease that primarily affects the synovial membrane of the joints.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bursitis is caused by overuse of joints that leads to inflammation of the bursa.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myasthenia gravis is a hereditary disorder that leads to progressive muscle weakness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affects children under the age of 17.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heberden nodes are a result of deterioration in the knee joints.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fatigue and insomnia are common symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Duchenne muscular dystrophy commonly affects girls who have difficulty walking around the age of 3.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cupping therapy can lead to bruising as a side effect.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle soreness can occur after vigorous exercise if the muscles are not accustomed to the activity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indomethacin is known for its low potency and minimal side effects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Colle fracture is a common fracture of the tibia below the ankle joint.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle cramps can result from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paracetamol is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticholinesterase medication is used as a treatment for heart problems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instrument Assisted therapy uses plastic tools for soft tissue treatment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal spinal curvatures can lead to poor posture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myofascial Release (MFR) is a form of electrical stimulation therapy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen inhibits both COX enzymes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle strains are caused solely by excessive use of a muscle without any overstretching or tearing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasma exchange is a treatment used for lifestyle changes related to muscle disorders.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thermal modalities exclusively use cold treatments on targeted tissues.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acetylsalicylic Acid is commonly used for the prevention of heart attacks.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The skeletal system assists in the production of blood.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Restorative rehabilitation primarily focuses on strengthening and maintaining a function that is gradually being lost.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activities of daily living (ADLs) include eating, bathing, and dressing.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintenance rehabilitation is usually characterized as short-term and intense.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interventional spinal therapeutics is a type of treatment offered in physiatry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soft tissue injections are not part of the types of treatment available in physical medicine and rehab.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are unrelated to independent living.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spasticity management is not included in the treatments of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bunions occur at the base of the metatarsophalangeal joint and cause misalignment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gout is caused by a deficiency of uric acid in the blood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Pott fracture is a type of fracture in the femur near the knee.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Talipes equinovarus, also known as clubfoot, is a congenital foot deformity affecting the ankle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meniscus injuries are primarily a result of impact from heavy falls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chondromalacia patella is commonly known as runner's knee due to irritation of the patella's undersurface.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carpal tunnel syndrome develops due to swelling of the wrist's bone structures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bursitis is the inflammation of the lubricating sacs associated with the rotator cuff.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Skeletal System Function

The skeletal system provides support, protects organs, facilitates movement, stores minerals and fats, produces blood cells, and detoxifies the blood.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle attached to bones, responsible for movement, posture, body heat, respiration, and communication.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and the pectoral girdle (shoulder area).

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Pectoral Girdle

The shoulder girdle, connecting the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

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Vertebral Column

The backbone, part of the axial skeleton, providing support and protection to the spinal cord.

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Bones of the Appendicular

The structures that help the upper and lower limbs and the shoulder area make movements for activities.

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Shoulder Joint

The connection between the pectoral girdle and the upper limb, allowing for movements.

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Fibromyalgia

A chronic condition causing widespread pain throughout the body, affecting muscles and tendons. Symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, depression, and pain in areas like the neck, shoulders, and thighs.

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Osteoarthritis

A chronic inflammatory joint disease causing pain and loss of function. It involves the breakdown of cartilage in the joint.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

A chronic inflammatory disease that destroys joint surfaces, capsule, and ligaments, leading to deformity and instability. It affects the synovial membrane lining joints and tendons.

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Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

An inflammatory and stiffening of joints specifically affecting children under 17.

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Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac, often caused by overuse of joints.

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Heberden Nodes

Small bony spurs that form on the finger joints due to deterioration.

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Myasthenia Gravis

A chronic autoimmune disease where antibodies block neurotransmitters, causing skeletal muscle weakness.

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Muscular Dystrophy

Hereditary disorders leading to progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. This is caused by the degeneration of muscle tissue.

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What is tendinitis?

Inflammation of the rotator cuff and biceps tendon caused by overuse.

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What causes bursitis in the shoulder?

Inflammation of the lubricating sacs in the shoulder from overuse.

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What is a bunion?

Swelling of the bone at the base of the big toe caused by the metatarsophalangeal joint misalignment.

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What causes gout?

painful arthritis due to uric acid buildup in the blood, forming crystals in the joints.

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What is a Pott fracture?

A fracture of the fibula near the ankle, often accompanied by a ligament tear.

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What is talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)?

A birth defect where the foot is turned inward at the ankle.

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What causes meniscus injuries?

Twisting the knee joint.

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What is patellar subluxation or dislocation?

When the kneecap moves out of its groove in the thighbone.

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

A condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles, commonly affecting boys, leading to difficulty walking around age 3.

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Muscle Soreness

Pain and stiffness in muscles after vigorous exercise, caused by lactic acid buildup and inflammation in connective tissue.

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Muscle Strain

An injury where a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, often caused by lack of warm-up, overuse, or repetitive movements.

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Muscle Cramps

Sudden, painful contractions of a muscle or muscle group, often caused by dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, muscle fatigue, or lack of stretching.

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Abnormal Spinal Curvatures

A spinal disease affecting posture, caused by congenital defects or poor posture, resulting in conditions like scoliosis and kyphosis.

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Colle's Fracture

A common fracture of the radius bone above the wrist joint.

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SI Joint Strain

An injury to the sacroiliac joint, which connects the pelvis to the lower spine.

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Anticholinesterase Medication

A type of drug used to treat certain conditions involving muscle weakness, like Myasthenia Gravis, by increasing nerve impulse transmission.

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Muscle Biopsy

A procedure where a small piece of muscle tissue is removed for examination under a microscope.

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Genetic Testing

Analyzing a person's genes to identify specific genetic markers related to muscle disorders.

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Myositis Specific Antigen (MSA)

An antibody found in the blood that can indicate the presence of certain muscle diseases.

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Cupping Therapy

A manual therapy that uses suction cups to create negative pressure on the skin and muscles, aims to relieve pain and stiffness.

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Physical Therapy Modalities

Various therapeutic techniques used by physical therapists, including electrical stimulation, thermal modalities, and mechanical pressure.

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Interferential Current Therapy (IFC)

A type of electrical stimulation that uses alternating currents with different frequencies to target deep tissues.

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Ultrasound Therapy

Uses sound waves to target specific areas, aiming to reduce inflammation and pain, and stimulate tissue repair.

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Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)

A manual therapy technique that involves applying pressure and movement to soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments) to relieve pain and improve mobility.

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Physiatry

The medical specialty focused on preventing and treating disabilities of all kinds.

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ADL

Activities of daily living are routine activities of personal care, such as eating, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and transferring.

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IADL

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living are tasks that relate to independent living, like managing money, using a phone, cooking, driving, shopping, and housework.

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Restorative Rehabilitation

This type of rehabilitation focuses on restoring a lost function, like after a hip fracture or stroke. It's usually short-term but intense.

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Maintenance Rehabilitation

This type of rehabilitation focuses on strengthening and maintaining a function that is gradually being lost. It's less intense than restorative and long-term.

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Bone Marrow's Role

Bone marrow is the spongy part of bones that produces red blood cells, which are crucial for the immune system.

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What does the skeletal system NOT do?

The skeletal system does not help with the production of blood.

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Why is function important?

Being able to function is essential to an individual's independence and their ability to have a good quality of life.

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Study Notes

Skeletal, Muscles, Tendons, Physical Medicine & Rehab

  • Presentation by Team 10 (Kiet Quan Duong, Hannah Pulido, Irene Lee, Roland Foto, Natalia Ayala)
  • Topics covered include the skeletal system, muscles and tendons, axial and appendicular skeletons, disorders and injuries, procedures and pharmacology, and physical medicine & rehab.
  • An interactive component (true or false questions) is included.

Outline

  • Components of the skeletal system
  • Axial skeleton
  • Muscles and tendons
  • Appendicular skeleton
  • Muscles and tendons of the upper and lower extremities
  • Disorders and injuries of muscles and tendons
  • Procedures and pharmacology
  • Physical medicine and rehab
  • Interactive component: True or False

Components of the Skeletal System

  • Bones, tendons, muscles, cartilage, ligaments

What is Skeletal System?

  • Diagram showing bones, tendons, muscles, cartilage, and ligaments
  • Key components: bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage

Functions of the Skeletal System

  • Provides support
  • Protects internal organs
  • Facilitates movement
  • Stores minerals and fats
  • Produces blood cells
  • Detoxifies the blood

How Do Bones Grow?

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Structure of Bones

  • (Topic/slide title only)

What are Joints?

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Joint Movement

  • (Topic/slide title only)

The Axial Skeleton

  • Diagram showing the spinal column, skull, and rib cage
  • Spinal column: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal vertebrae
  • Skull: Various bones
  • Rib cage: Ribs

Components of the Vertebral Column

  • (Topic/slide title only)

The Skull

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Muscles and Tendons

  • 3 types of muscles: Cardiac, skeletal, smooth

3 Types of Muscles

  • Cardiac muscle tissue (involuntary)
  • Skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary)
  • Smooth muscle tissue (involuntary)

Skeletal Muscles

  • Voluntary muscles attached to bones
  • Functions: movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication
  • Different shapes: convergent, fusiform, parallel, multipennate, circular, unipennate, bipennate

Appendicular Skeleton

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Shoulder Girdle and Upper Arm

  • Bones of the pectoral girdle: scapula, clavicle
  • Shoulder joint: connects pectoral girdle to humerus
  • Humerus: bone of the upper arm
  • Two articulations
  • Forearm, wrist, and hand: 27 bones
  • Muscles allow for supination and pronation, wrist and hand flexion/extension, medial and lateral movement

Bones of the Lower Body

  • Pelvic girdle: two hip bones that articulate anteriorly & posteriorly with the sacrum
  • Hip joint: ball-and-socket synovial joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
  • Labrum: cartilage that forms a rim around the hip joint socket
  • Bones of the lower leg: tibia, fibula
  • Ankle joint: 2 joints (between lateral malleolus of the fibula & talus, between medial malleolus of tibia & talus)
  • 26 bones, 33 joints
  • Talus: one of the tarsal bones
  • Bones of the foot: calcaneus, metatarsals, phalanges, etc.

Bones and Joints of the Knee and Thigh

  • Knee as a hinged joint composed of femur, tibia, patella, fibula
  • Crescent-shaped cartilage pads (menisci) within the knee.
  • Articulate with femoral condyles.

Muscles and Tendons of the Upper and Lower Extremities

  • (Topic/slide title only)

Upper Extremities

  • Shoulder girdle is a muscle that connects the arm to the upper body giving it movement.
  • Rotator cuff muscles: Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
  • Clavicle, scapula, humerus

Muscles of the Upper Arm and Elbow Joint

  • Deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis,
  • Movement at the elbow and forearm

Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

  • Gluteus Maximus, Medius, Minimus
  • Adductor muscles (part of the inner thigh)
  • Thigh muscles move the knee and lower leg
  • Quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon
  • Back of thigh (hamstring muscles)
  • Muscles of the lower leg (toe movement, ankle movement)
  • Popliteal fossa (hollow at back of knee)

Disorders and Injuries of Skeletal System

  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteopenia
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Osteomalacia/Rickets
  • Achondroplasia
  • Osteogenic sarcoma
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta

Disorders and Injuries of Muscle and Tendons

  • Fibromyalgia (chronic widespread pain affecting muscles and tendons)
  • Fatigue, depression, insomnia, lower abnormal pain & cramps
  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica (inflammatory muscle disease)
  • Pain in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, buttocks, and thighs.
  • More on the disorders of muscles and tendons

Diseases of Joints

  • Osteoarthritis (chronic inflammatory disease of joints)
  • Breakdown of cartilage in joints
  • Age-related
  • Degenerative joint disease process affecting cartilage.
  • Heberden nodes (formation of bony spurs in finger joints)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (destruction of joint surfaces, capsule and ligaments)
  • Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (inflammation and stiffness in joints in children under 17)
  • Bursitis (inflammation of bursae)

Disorders of Muscles (continued)

  • Myasthenia gravis (chronic autoimmune disease)
  • Antibody block of neurotransmitter movement from motor nerve to muscles
  • Muscular dystrophy (hereditary muscle weakness)
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy (common in boys)

Injuries of Skeletal Muscle

  • Muscle soreness from vigorous exercise
  • Lactic acid buildup, inflammation
  • Muscle strains (tearing)
  • Not warming up
  • Overusing
  • Repetitive injuries
  • Muscle cramps (sudden painful muscle contractions)
  • Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, muscle fatigue, lack of stretching
  • More specifics within different areas of the body
  • Worst cases of muscle cramps
  • Illustrations

Disorders of Spine, Shoulder, Wrist, & Pelvic Girdle

  • Abnormal spinal curvatures (scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis)
  • Shoulder dislocation (ball of humerus slips out of socket)
  • Separation of acromioclavicular joint
  • Colle fractures
  • SI Joint strain
  • Diastasis symphysis pubis

Disorders of Ankle and Foot

  • Bunions (bone swelling at the base of toes)
  • Pott fracture
  • Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
  • Gout

Disorders of Knee

  • ACL injuries
  • Patellar subluxation/dislocation
  • Meniscus injuries
  • Patellar problems
  • Chondromalacia patella
  • Prepatellar bursitis

Common Disorders of the Wrist and Hand

  • Ganglion cysts
  • Synovial tendon sheath cysts on back of wrist
  • Stenosing tenosynovitis (inflammation the synovial sheath on back of wrist)
  • Carpal tunnel disorder

Procedures and Pharmacology for Skeletal System and Muscles & Tendons

  • Diagnostic (arthrography, arthroscopy, bone mineral density [BMD])
  • Therapeutic (arthrocentesis, replacement surgeries, conservative sources [pain relief])

Procedures for Bone Fractures

  • Slings, splints and braces, and casts to immobilize bone
  • Cast material (plaster or fiberglass)
  • Reduction (putting bone back into place)
  • Traction (using weights to pull bone into alignment)
  • External fixation (using pins and rods to hold bone in place)
  • Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

Pharmacology for the Skeletal System

  • Osteoporosis prevention and treatment: calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, calcitonin
  • Other issues (osteoarthritis) use of pain relievers, NSAIDs
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: DMARDs
  • Tumor related: Orencia/Rituxan
  • Specific medicines/drugs related to different skeletal system issues (osteoarthritis)

Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Procedures for Disorders of Muscles & Tendons

  • Blood tests (Creatinine Kinase [CK], Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR])
  • Electromyography [EMG]
  • Nerve conduction studies
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI]
  • Computed Tomography [CT]
  • Ultrasound
  • Muscle biopsy
  • Genetic testing
  • Myositis Specific Antigen (MSA)
  • Specific therapies (exercise, dry needling, cupping)

Therapeutic Procedures (Continued, Physical Therapy)

  • Soft tissue mobilization (STM)
  • Myofascial release (MFR)
  • Instrument assisted techniques (ASTYM)
  • Physical therapy modalities (electrical stimulation, interferential current therapy [IFC], thermal modalities, ultrasound)

Musculoskeletal Drugs

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Acetylsalicylic Acid, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Indomethacin.
  • Paracetamol (not a NSAID)
  • Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Anabolic Steroids

Physical Medicine and Rehab

  • Physiatry (medicine focusing on prevention & treatment of disabilities)
  • Types of treatment in Physiatry
  • Rehabilitation medicine (focusing on function)
  • Restorative rehab
  • Maintenance rehab

Rehabilitation

  • Activities of daily living (ADLs) - routine personal care
  • Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - more complex activities (cooking, driving)
  • Assistive devices, examples of ADLs/IADLs

True or False Questions

  • Specific true/false questions are presented
  • Answers provided for true/false questions.
    • Importance of bone marrow as blood producer.
    • Exercise impact on bone density.
    • Skeletal muscle type.

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Group Presentation (HIHIM 400 - Group 10) (2) - Skeletal, Muscles, Tendons, Physical Medicine & Rehab PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of the skeletal and muscular systems, including their functions, conditions affecting them, and associated terminologies. Test your knowledge on various topics such as involuntary muscles, arthritis types, and the roles of ligaments and muscles in movement.

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