Human Anatomy: Joints and Articulations

Atlas and Axis Articulation

• The superior articular facets of the atlas (C1) are specifically shaped to articulate with the occipital condyles.

Lumbar Vertebrae

• Bifid spinous processes are typical of cervical vertebrae, not lumbar vertebrae.
• All lumbar vertebrae possess a vertebral foramen, large vertebral body, and mammillary process.

Humerus and Ulna Articulation

• The trochlea of the humerus articulates primarily with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Forearm Interosseous Membrane

• The interosseous membrane of the forearm attaches between the radius and ulna.

Sternal Angle

• The sternal angle (Angle of Louis) is located at the level of the T4/T5 vertebral disc.

Sacrum

• The sacrum has four pairs of sacral foramina.
• It articulates with the ilium at the sacroiliac joint.
• It does articulate with the coccyx.

Medial Longitudinal Arch

• The talus bone contributes to the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

Talus Articulation

• The articular surface of the talus that contacts the tibia is called the trochlear surface.

Linea Aspera

• The linea aspera is found on the posterior surface of the femur.

Costal Groove

• The costal groove on ribs contains the intercostal vessels and nerves.

Pterygoid Processes

• The pterygoid processes are part of the sphenoid bone.

Bones of the Orbit

• The temporal bone does not participate in the formation of the orbit.
• The orbit is formed by the lacrimal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones .

Nasal Septum

• The inferior nasal concha does not form part of the nasal septum.
• The nasal septum is formed by the vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and septal cartilage.

Uncinate Process

• The uncinate process is found on the ethmoid bone.

Coracoid Process

• The biceps brachii (short head) muscle inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula.

Annular Ligament

• The annular ligament primarily stabilizes the head of the radius against the ulna.

Sciatic Notches

• The ischial spine separates the lesser and greater sciatic notches.

Deltoid Ligament

• The deltoid ligament attaches the tibia to the calcaneus, talus, and navicular bones.

Ischial Tuberosity Origin

• The biceps femoris (long head) muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity.

Palmar Aponeurosis

• The palmar aponeurosis is continuous with the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle.