dental anatomy moss pp

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Questions and Answers

The hard palate contains papilla rostrally and enables for sense of smell and taste

True (A)

Moveable fold of tissue overlying the hard palate, it connects to the pharynx and is smooth free of papilla

  • Gingiva
  • Teeth
  • Soft palate (correct)
  • Tongue

Covers the alveolar bone that supports the teeth

  • Soft palate
  • Tongue
  • Gingiva (correct)
  • Hard palate

These 2 bones create the hard palate

<p>Maxilla and palatine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Defect in this bone causes a cleft palate

<p>Incisive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infected and abscessed maxillary premolars or molars can cause ?

<p>Suborbital swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Periodontal Disease

<p>Bacterial inflammation of the periodontium or periodontal tissues (A), Most common oral condition found in the dog and cat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thin film consisting of salivary proteins and glycoproteins • It forms to protect and lubricate

<p>Pellicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria colonize on the pellicle it forms a biofilm on the surfaces of the tooth (crown) as it mature it becomes _____________

<p>Dental plaque (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium products that crystallize on the surface of the teeth and mineralize the soft plaque Takes approximately 2-3 days to form

<p>Dental calculus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Once bacteria & dental plaque is removed , the inflammation of gingivitis disappears

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Periodontitis is a non-inflammatory destruction of the endothelial barrier that protects the tooth’s supporting structures

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As bacteria moves to towards the root, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone are destroyed

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mild gingival inflammation, no radiographic changes. Tx: dental cleaning

<p>Gingivitis stage 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gingivitis with swelling, bleeding with probing, 25% attachment loss (sulcus depth). On xrays there is loss of periodontal attachment (less than 25%). Tx: dental cleaning with subgingival curettage

<p>Early periodontal dz stage 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gum recession or hypoplasia, 25-50% loss of attachment, furcation involvement, tooth mobility, 10-20% bone loss on radiograph also gingivitis with swelling and bleeding with probing

<p>Moderate Periodontal dz stage 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gum recession or hypoplasia, 50% loss of attachment, furcation involvement, tooth mobility, over 30% bone loss on radiograph also gingivitis with swelling and bleeding with probing

<p>Gingivitis stage 1 (B), Advanced periodontal dz stage 4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Not all plaque leads to periodontal disease, it depends on the immune response of the animal

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All animals develop plaque which always leads to periodontitis

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positioning of the pet for dental prophylaxis

<p>Head down, laterally recumbent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patient positioning for radiographs

<p>Sternal recumbency for maxillary teeth (A), Dorsal recumbency for mandibular teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What teeth is the parallel radiographic technique used for

<p>Caudal mandibular premolars and molars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What teeth is the bisecting angle radiographic technique used for

<p>All maxillary teeth and the rostral mandibular teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bisecting angle is used for which of the following teeth

<p>208 premolar and 101-103 incisor (A), 104, 204, 304 canines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What teeth is the parallel radiographic technique used for

<p>310-311 molar (B), 408-409 premolar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structures evaluated during an oral examination

<p>Bite (A), Lips (B), Tongue (C), Teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the scaler tip is larger more water is needed

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newer scaler tip needs more power and less power as it wears

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The working end of the instrument is

<p>Last 1-2mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you insert the curette

<p>Base of the pocket (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is always necessary to polish after scaling to remove any plaque left

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Best deterrent to having plaque form again

<p>Brushing teeth every day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium helps elimination of plaque and stimulates healing

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instruments

<p>Probe = Measures sulcus depth Explorer = Locates calculus deposits, and caries and determines smoothness of roots (supra and sub-gingival) Scaler = Supragingival use only, triangular cross section, 2 cutting edges with a sharp tip Curette = Sub and supragingival use, rounded tip and back, half moon shaped cross section</p> Signup and view all the answers

Probe increments and type

<p>CP-10 Wiliams = 1-2-3-5-7-8-9-10 CP-15 UNC University of North Carolina = 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15 CP-NT11.5B Screening probe = 3.5-5.5-9.5-11.5 CP-12 Marquis and Q-2N Nabers color-coded = 3-6-9-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>Magnetostrictive = Pattern of vibration is elliptical, all sides of the tip are active Piezoelectric = Vibration is linear, two sides of the tip are active</p> <ul> <li>= - 1 = 1</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

1mm loss decreases efficiency of the tip but it does not need replacement until there is 3mm loss

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>Abnormal shortness of the mandible resulting in a maxilla that is longer = Brachygnathism Jutting forward of the lower face and jaw area = Prognathism Asymmetrical alignment of upper and lower jaws; cross bite = Wry mouth Open and lower incisors meet evenly = Level bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>Normal occlusion in dogs and cats = Scissor bite Absence of teeth = Anodontia Retained deciduous teeth = Persistent primary teeth Joining of teeth that have separate roots = Fused teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>Extra teeth = Supernumerary teeth Over formation of gum tissue, typical on boxers = Gingival hyperplasia Incomplete or defective formation of the enamel of either primary or permanent teeth; result may be an irregularity of the tooth form, color, or surface = Enamel hypoplasia a tooth fracture in which a flat piece is lost; carnassial tooth is commonly affected = Slab fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>tooth resorption; Siamese and Persians are more susceptible = Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesion inflammation of the mouth = Stomatitis benign tumor arising from periodontal mucous membranes = Epulis 1 = 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hard Palate

The hard, bony roof of the mouth, formed by the maxillary bones.

Soft Palate

A movable fold of tissue that covers the hard palate, aiding in chewing and speech.

Cleft Palate

A condition where the hard palate doesn't fully close during development, creating an opening.

Pellicle

A thin film composed of salivary proteins and glycoproteins that coats the teeth.

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Dental Plaque

A sticky, colorless film on teeth, formed by bacteria colonizing the pellicle.

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Calculus

The hardening of dental plaque due to mineral deposits from saliva.

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Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums, often caused by bacterial plaque.

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Periodontitis

A more advanced stage of periodontal disease, characterized by destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth.

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Sulcus

The space between the tooth and the gum, also known as the gingival sulcus.

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Periodontal Ligament

The tissue that attaches the tooth to the bone, providing support and sensation.

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Alveolar Bone

The bone that surrounds and supports the teeth.

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Gingivitis

The stage of periodontal disease marked by mild gum inflammation but no bone loss.

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Early Periodontitis

The stage of periodontal disease where gum inflammation is present, along with some bone loss.

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Moderate Periodontitis

The stage of periodontal disease marked by significant bone loss and gum recession.

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Advanced Periodontitis

The most advanced stage of periodontal disease, leading to significant bone loss and potential tooth loss.

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Dental Scaling

A procedure to remove plaque and calculus from the teeth, above and below the gum line.

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Parallel Technique

The technique used for dental radiographs, where the beam is directed parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

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Bisecting Angle Technique

The technique used for dental radiographs, where the beam is directed perpendicular to the bisecting angle of the tooth and film.

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Polishing

The process of smoothing the tooth surface after scaling to prevent plaque buildup.

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Scaler

A specialized instrument used to remove plaque and calculus from teeth.

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Curette

A curved instrument used to remove calculus from below the gum line.

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Working End

The part of the scaler used to remove plaque and calculus.

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Curette Insertion

The process of inserting the curette into the sulcus to remove calculus.

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Calculus Build-up

The amount of calculus buildup on the tooth.

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Sulcus Depth

A measure of the depth of the sulcus, indicating potential periodontal problems.

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Subgingival Curettage

The process of removing calculus below the gum line.

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Furcation

The part of the tooth where the roots branch out.

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Tooth Mobility

The amount of tooth movement, indicating the severity of periodontal disease.

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Study Notes

Hard Palate

  • Contains papilla rostrally for sense of smell and taste
  • Moveable fold of tissue overlying the hard palate
  • Connects to the pharynx
  • Smooth and free of papilla
  • Covers the alveolar bone that supports the teeth
  • Two bones create the hard palate
  • Defect in this bone causes a cleft palate
  • Infected and abscessed maxillary premolars or molars can cause periodontal disease

Periodontal Disease

  • Thin film consisting of salivary proteins and glycoproteins
  • Protects and lubricates
  • Bacteria colonize and form a biofilm on the surfaces of the tooth (crown) which eventually becomes plaque
  • Calcium products crystallize on the surface of the teeth and mineralize the soft plaque
  • Takes approximately 2-3 days to form
  • Once bacteria & dental plaque is removed, inflammation of gingivitis disappears
  • Periodontitis is a non-inflammatory destruction of the endothelial barrier that protects the tooth’s supporting structures
  • As bacteria moves to towards the root, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone are destroyed

Stages of Periodontal Disease

  • Gingivitis: Mild gingival inflammation, no radiographic changes. Treatment involves dental cleaning
  • Early Periodontitis: Gingivitis with swelling, bleeding with probing, 25% attachment loss (sulcus depth). X-rays show loss of periodontal attachment (less than 25%). Treatment involves dental cleaning with subgingival curettage
  • Moderate Periodontitis: Gum recession or hypoplasia, 25-50% loss of attachment, furcation involvement, tooth mobility, 10-20% bone loss on radiograph, gingivitis with swelling and bleeding with probing. Treatment involves more extensive procedures.
  • Advanced Periodontitis: Gum recession or hypoplasia, 50% loss of attachment, furcation involvement, tooth mobility, over 30% bone loss on radiograph, gingivitis with swelling and bleeding with probing. Treatment involves extensive procedures.

Periodontal Disease Notes

  • Not all plaque leads to periodontal disease; it depends on the immune response of the animal
  • All animals develop plaque, which always leads to periodontitis
  • Positioning of the pet for dental prophylaxis
  • Patient positioning for radiographs

  • Parallel Radiographic Technique: Used for teeth:

  • Bisecting Angle Radiographic Technique: Used for teeth:

  • Structures evaluated during an oral examination:

Scaling

  • Scaler Tip and Water Flow:
    • Larger scaler tip requires more water
    • Newer scaler tip needs more power, and less power as it wears

  • Working End of the Instrument:

  • Curette Insertion:

  • Polishing:
    • It is always necessary to polish after scaling to remove any plaque left
    • Best deterrent to having plaque form again
  • Calcium:
    • Helps eliminate plaque and stimulates healing

Instruments

  • Probe Increments and Type:

  • 1mm Loss of Scaler Tip:
    • Decreases efficiency but doesn’t need replacement until 3mm loss

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